¹ BVerfG, BvR, 1 (2004), 2378 (2398), available at http:/www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/rs20040303_1bvr237898.html, and NJW 2004, 999ff.Google Scholar

² For an English version, see http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StPO.htm.Google Scholar

³ For an English version, see http://www.bundestag.de/htdocs_e/info/gg.pdf.Google Scholar

⁴ BVerfG, BvR, 1 (2004), 2378 (2398) available at http:/www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/rs20040303_1bvr237898.html, Abs.-Nr. 103 ff., and NJW 2004, 999 (1000 ff.).Google Scholar

⁵ Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Bekämpfung der Organisierten Kriminalität, 4 May 1998 (BGBl. I, p.845).Google Scholar

⁶ § 100 c subs. 1 No. 3 (d): criminal offenses against peace, of high treason, of endangering the democratic state based on the Rule of Law, or of treason and of endangering external security (sections 80 to 82, 85, 87, 88, 94 to 96, also in conjunction with section 97b, sections 97a, 98 to 100a, Penal Code);Google Scholar

§ 100 c subs. 1 No. 3 (e): a criminal offense pursuant to section 129 subsection (4) in conjunction with subsection (1), section 129a of the Penal Code (creation of a criminal organization in an especially severe case, support of a terrorist organization). For difficulties which arise from the specification of offences in the Code of Criminal Procedure, see Hans Kudlich & Florian Melloh, Money Laundering and Surveillance of Telecommunication – The Recent Decision of the Bundesgerichtshof (BGH – Federal Court of Justice), 5 German Law Journal 123 (2004), at http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=381.Google Scholar

⁷ The Chamber of national security is laid down in § 74a Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz (Organization of Courts Act) in the version of 9 May 1975 (BGBl. I, p. 1077), changed by law of 24 August 2004 (BGBl. I, p. 2198).Google Scholar

⁸ Art. 93 subs. 1 Nr. 4 a GG.Google Scholar

⁹ Article 1 [Human dignity]Google Scholar

(1) Human dignity shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority.Google Scholar

(3) The following basic rights shall bind the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary as directly applicable law.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Article 13 [Inviolability of the home]Google Scholar

(1) The home is inviolable.Google Scholar

¹¹ Article 19 [Restriction of basic rights]Google Scholar

(2) In no case may the essence of a basic right be affected.Google Scholar

¹² Article 79 [Amendment of the Basic Law]Google Scholar

(3) Amendments to this Basic Law affecting the division of the Federation into Länder, their participation on principle in the legislative process, or the principles laid down in Articles 1 and 20 shall be inadmissible.Google Scholar

¹³ Article 19 [Restriction of basic rights]Google Scholar

(4) Should any person's rights be violated by public authority, he may have recourse to the courts. If no other jurisdiction has been established, recourse shall be to the ordinary courts. The second sentence of paragraph (2) of Article 10 shall not be affected by this paragraph.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Article 103 [Hearing in accordance with law; ban on retroactive criminal laws and on multiple punishment]Google Scholar

(1) In the courts every person shall be entitled to a hearing in accordance with law.Google Scholar

¹⁵ See the discussion of criminal measures against organized crime in Eisenberg, Straf(verfahrens-)rechtliche Maßnahmen gegenüber Organisiertem Verbrechen, NJW 1033 (1993).Google Scholar

¹⁶ BGBl. I, p. 1302.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Deutsch, Die heimliche Erhebung von Informationen und deren Aufbewahrung durch die Polizei, 264 (1991); See Eisenberg, supra note 15, at 1037; Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, Der “große Lauschangriff” – Sicherheit statt Freiheit, ZRP 87, 88 (1998).Google Scholar

¹⁸ BGBl. I, p. 610.Google Scholar

¹⁹ See Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Bekämpfung der Organisierten Kriminalität, supra note 5.Google Scholar

²⁰ Gusy, Lauschangriff und Grundgesetz, JuS 457 (2004) with further citations.Google Scholar

²¹ Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, Der “große Lauschangriff” – Sicherheit statt Freiheit, ZRP 87 (1998).Google Scholar

²² Eisenberg, Ulrich, Straf (verfahrens-) rechtliche Maßnahmen gegenüber “Organisiertem Verbrechen,” NJW 1033, 1034 (1993).Google Scholar

²³ Eisenberg, supra note 23; Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, supra note 22, at 88.Google Scholar

²⁴ Gesetz zur Bekämpfung des illegalen Rauschgifthandels und anderer Erscheinungsformen der Organisierten Kriminalität, of 15 July 1992 (BGBl. 1992, p.1302).Google Scholar

²⁵ Verbrechensbekämpfungsgesetz, of 28 October 1994 (BGBl. I, p. 3186).Google Scholar

²⁶ See the travaux préparatoire for the statute of 1997, BT–Drs. 13/8651, 31.Google Scholar

²⁷ BVerfGE 101, 361 (383) (Caroline von Monaco).Google Scholar

²⁸ See for the theory of a relative substance of constitutional rights, BVerfGE 61, 82 (113); BVerfG, NJW 1996, 1201 (1202); Maunz, , in: Grundgesetz, Kommentar, Art. 19(2), margin number 16; Hesse, Grundzüge des Verfassungsrechts, margin number 332 (20^th ed. 1995); see also BVerwGE 84, 375 (380).Google Scholar

²⁹ See Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Bekämpfung der Organisierten Kriminalität, supra note 5Google Scholar

³⁰ Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, supra note 22, at 91.Google Scholar

³¹ Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, Erfahrungsbericht der Bundesregierung kann Lauschangriff nicht rechtfertigen, available at http://www.leutheusser-schnarrenberger.de/.Google Scholar

³² 1 BvR 2378/98 of 3 March 2004, Absatz–Nr. 111, 132.Google Scholar

³³ Absatz-Nr. 122f., 134. See also Denninger, Verfassungsechtliche Grenzen des Lauschens, ZRP 101 (2004); Gusy, , Lauschangriff und Grundgesetz, JuS 457, 458 (2004); Aktuelles aus der Rechtsprechung, JZ 2004, at 2. See also, Weyand, Einschränkungen beim “GROßEN Lauschangriff“ – keine Katastrophe für die Praxis (Weyand states that these arguments of the Bundesverfassungsgericht are common sense).Google Scholar

³⁴ Absatz-Nr. 135, 152.Google Scholar

³⁵ Absatz-Nr. 138, 139.Google Scholar

³⁶ Gusy, supra note 34, at 459.Google Scholar

³⁷ Denninger, supra note 34, at 102.Google Scholar

³⁸ Absatz-Nr. 168; See also Geis, Angriff auf drei Ebenen: Verfassung, Strafprozessordnung und Überwachungspraxis, Die Entscheidung des BVerfG zum großen Lauschangriff und ihre Folgen für die Strafverfolgungspraxis, CR, 338, 341 (2004).Google Scholar

³⁹ Absatz-Nr. 225.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Gusy, supra note 34, at 460.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Absatz-Nr. 269.Google Scholar

⁴² Absatz-Nr. 300.Google Scholar

⁴³ Absatz-Nr. 308 (316 f.).Google Scholar

⁴⁴ BVerfGE 57, 250 (288); E 101 106 (129).Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Absatz-Nr. 328.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Absatz-Nr. 348.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ This is Judge Jäger and Judge Hohmann-Dennhardt.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Absatz-Nr. 355.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ BVerfGE 96, 27 (44); E 100, 313; E 103, 142.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Weyand, supra note 33.Google Scholar

⁵¹ Id.Google Scholar

⁵² Geis, supra note 39, at 342.Google Scholar