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Silurian inverted Barrovian-type metamorphism in the Western Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): a case of top to bottom heating?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2023

Sebastián O. Verdecchia Open the ORCID record for Sebastián O. Verdecchia [Opens in a new window] ,
Cesar Casquet ,
Edgardo G. Baldo ,
Mariano A. Larrovere ,
Carlos I. Lembo Wuest ,
Manuela E. Benítez ,
Carlos D. Ramacciotti Open the ORCID record for Carlos D. Ramacciotti [Opens in a new window] ,
Juan A. Murra  and
Robert J. Pankhurst
Sebastián O. Verdecchia*
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Cesar Casquet
Affiliation:
Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid–CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Edgardo G. Baldo
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Mariano A. Larrovere
Affiliation:
Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (Prov. de La Rioja–UNLaR–SEGEMAR–UNCa–CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, 5301 Anillaco, Argentina Instituto de Geología y Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (INGeReN–CENIIT–UNLaR), Avda. Gob. Vernet y Apóstol Felipe, 5300 La Rioja, Argentina
Carlos I. Lembo Wuest
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Manuela E. Benítez
Affiliation:
Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA). Instituto de Recursos Minerales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–CICPBA, Calle 64 esquina 120, 1° piso, C.P. 1900, La Plata, Argentina
Carlos D. Ramacciotti
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Juan A. Murra
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Robert J. Pankhurst
Affiliation:
Visiting Research Associate, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Sebastián O. Verdecchia, Emails: sverdecchia@unc.edu.ar; sverdecchia@gmail.com
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Abstract

This paper focuses on one orogenic belt that formed during the Rinconada phase on the final stage of the Famatinian orogeny, between 445 and 410 Ma, which is well exposed at Sierra de Ramaditas and neighbouring ranges in western Argentina. The Ramaditas Complex is formed by metasedimentary and meta-ultrabasic rocks and amphibolites. This complex forms the upper nappe of a thrust stack resulting from westward thrusting. Deformation consists of an early high-temperature S1 foliation (stromatic migmatites), coeval with thrusting and metamorphism. Metamorphism attained peak P–T conditions of 6.0–6.9 kbar and 795–810 °C, at c. 440 Ma, i.e. coincident with the Rinconada orogenic phase. The lower unit and intermediate nappes crop out in the nearby sierras of Maz and Espinal and underwent low- to medium-grade Silurian metamorphism, respectively, together with the upper nappe, defining an inverted Barrovian-type metamorphism with T decreasing and P increasing downwards across the thrust stack (i.e. westward). We argue that the Rinconada orogenic phase developed near the continental margin of SW Gondwana, during a magmatic lull following accretion of the Precordillera terrane to the continental margin at c. 470 Ma. The active margin jumped to the west after accretion, and flat-slab subduction resumed in the early Silurian, provoking thrusting and imbrication of nappe stack under the still hot root (800–900 °C) of the older Famatinian magmatic arc. This ‘hot-iron’ process explains both the inverted Barrovian-type metamorphism and the missing overburden of 21 to 24 km implied by the P estimate.

Keywords

Rinconada orogenic phaseFamatinian orogenyinverted Barrovian-type metamorphism‘hot-iron’ mechanismSW Gondwana marginSierras Pampeanas
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 5 , May 2023 , pp. 972 - 992
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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