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Neo-Tethyan subduction triggered Eocene–Oligocene magmatism in eastern Iran

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2022

Siavash Omidianfar Open the ORCID record for Siavash Omidianfar [Opens in a new window] ,
Iman Monsef ,
Mohammad Rahgoshay ,
Hadi Shafaii Moghadam ,
Brian Cousens ,
Ming Chen ,
Shahrokh Rajabpour Open the ORCID record for Shahrokh Rajabpour [Opens in a new window]  and
Jianping Zheng
Siavash Omidianfar*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Iman Monsef
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
Mohammad Rahgoshay
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Hadi Shafaii Moghadam
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran
Brian Cousens
Affiliation:
Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
Ming Chen
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, China
Shahrokh Rajabpour
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geología Económica Aplicada (GEA), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
Jianping Zheng
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, China
*
Author for correspondence: Siavash Omidianfar Email: siavashomidianfar@gmail.com
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Abstract

Eocene–Oligocene magmatic rocks are well exposed in the region south of Birjand, eastern Iran. The ages, geochemistry and petrogenesis of these rocks are important to understand eastern Iran’s magmatic and geodynamic history during the Cenozoic. Detailed field investigations show that numerous intrusive, intermediate to felsic units are intruded into a thick sequence of Eocene–Oligocene lava flows and their accompanying pyroclastic rocks. The volcanic rocks are mainly basaltic andesitic to rhyolitic, whereas intrusive rocks are characterized by dioritic to granitic composition. Previously compiled U–Pb geochronological data indicate that Eocene–Oligocene magmatism in eastern Iran formed continuously from ∼46 Ma to ∼25 Ma. Our new zircon U–Pb data reveal crystallization ages of 43.6 ± 0.4 Ma to 39.5 ± 0.6 Ma, consistent with the upper end of this age range. Geochemically, the igneous rocks have high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic signatures. Rare-earth and trace element patterns show enrichment in LREEs, K, Rb, Cs, Pb, Th and U and depletion in HFSEs such as Nb, Zr and Ti, typical of a subduction-related environment. 87Sr/86Sr(i) and ϵNd(i) values range from 0.7051 to 0.7064 and −0.1 to +0.2, respectively. We postulate that the Cretaceous northeastward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere underneath the Iranian Plateau caused sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) metasomatism by slab-derived fluid components. Subsequently, slab roll-back of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere associated with asthenospheric upwelling led to lithospheric thinning and melting of the metasomatized SCLM. The resulting parental magmas probably interacted with upper continental crust during magma ascent to form Eocene–Oligocene magmatism in eastern Iran.

Keywords

Cenozoicmagmatismzircon U–Pb agesNeo-Tethysslab roll-backIranian PlateauSistan
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 3 , March 2023 , pp. 490 - 510
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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