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Multi-stage growth and fluid evolution of a hydrothermal sulphide chimney in the East Pacific Ridge 1–2° S hydrothermal field: constraints from in situ sulphur isotopes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2018

XINGWEI MENG ,
XIAOHU LI ,
FENGYOU CHU ,
BIN FU ,
JIJIANG LEI ,
ZHENGGANG LI ,
HAO WANG  and
LIN CHEN
XINGWEI MENG
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
XIAOHU LI*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
FENGYOU CHU
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
BIN FU
Affiliation:
Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
JIJIANG LEI
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
ZHENGGANG LI
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
HAO WANG
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
LIN CHEN
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
*
†Author for correspondence: xhli@sio.org.cn
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Abstract

Sulphur isotopes can be used as a powerful tool to trace fluid evolution and explore the formation of chimneys. To clarify the in situ S isotopic variations of sulphides at the micro-scale, we analyzed a sulphide chimney collected from the hydrothermal field in the East Pacific Rise 1–2° S using a sensitive high-mass-resolution ion micro-probe for stable isotopes (SHRIMP SI). Three mineral zones can be identified in the chimney: an external outer wall of porous anhydrite and colloform pyrite, an internal middle zone of sub-euhedral pyrite and massive chalcopyrite, and an inner zone of massive pyrite. The δ34SV-CDT values of the sulphides fall within the range 1.83–7.51 ‰ (avg. 4.05 ‰, n = 16), and S isotopic values increase from the core (3.09 ‰, n = 3) to the middle (3.78 ‰, n = 11) to the edge (6.99 ‰, n = 2). These results illustrate mineral crystallization processes and the mixing between seawater-derived S and magmatic–hydrothermal fluids during the growth of the chimney. The zones from the edge to the core are characterized by crystal morphologies of colloform/anhedral pyrite to massive pyrite with decreasing δ34S values, revealing multi-stage mineral deposition and sulphur isotopic fractionation. In contrast to the increase in δ34S values from the core to the edge in one profile (profile A), anomalously low δ34S values in fine-grained pyrite relative to chalcopyrite in another profile (profile B) in the middle zone result from S isotopic exchange between seawater SO42− and fluid H2S due to different fluid–seawater mixing, possibly caused by variations in permeability and porosity across the chimney.

Keywords

S isotopesin situ analysissulphide chimneygrowth processEast Pacific Rise
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 156 , Issue 6 , June 2019 , pp. 989 - 1002
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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