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Fractures, fluid flow and inherited structures in geothermal systems: inputs from the Fe-ore deposits of eastern Elba Island (Northern Apennines, Italy)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2022

Martina Zucchi Open the ORCID record for Martina Zucchi [Opens in a new window] ,
Andrea Brogi Open the ORCID record for Andrea Brogi [Opens in a new window] ,
Domenico Liotta Open the ORCID record for Domenico Liotta [Opens in a new window] ,
Alfredo Caggianelli ,
Andrea Dini ,
Gennaro Ventruti ,
Giovanni Ruggieri  and
Paola Francesca Matera
Martina Zucchi*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Andrea Brogi
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy IGG-CNR, Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Pisa, Italy
Domenico Liotta
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy IGG-CNR, Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Pisa, Italy
Alfredo Caggianelli
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Andrea Dini
Affiliation:
IGG-CNR, Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Pisa, Italy
Gennaro Ventruti
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Giovanni Ruggieri
Affiliation:
IGG-CNR, Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Firenze, Italy
Paola Francesca Matera
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Martina Zucchi, Email: martina.zucchi@uniba.it
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Abstract

Geothermal systems in terrains affected by polyphase deformation have reservoirs with a 3D geometry that is always difficult to predict. In this paper we describe a fossil exhumed geothermal system exposed in eastern Elba Island that developed in a polyphase folded and faulted setting, which can help us to understand how geothermal fluids circulate in geological bodies with inherited structures. Geothermal circulation at Elba allowed the deposition of Fe-ore deposits (haematite/magnetite and pyrite) and altered rock volumes, which represent tracers of the palaeo-fluid flow. Normal and oblique-slip faults dissected a polyphase folded metasiliciclastic succession and produced a secondary permeability in the range of 5 × 10−13 to 5 × 10−16 m2. From the permeable fault zones acting as feeder conduits, geothermal fluids permeated the hydraulically connected metasiliciclastic rock bodies previously deformed by two generations of folds. Geothermal fluids followed the already defined geometry, thus giving rise to apparent folded mineralized levels. Fluid migration into the metasiliciclastic rocks was possible due to their chemical aggression, which favoured the dissolution and reprecipitation of quartz, and Fe-oxide and sulphide deposition. Renewed fluids maintained their chemical properties (pH value and temperature, mostly). This conclusion provides inputs for reconstructing geothermal conceptual models and evaluating the geothermal potentiality of exploitable areas developing in similar geological settings.

Keywords

geothermal fluid flowFe-ore depositsextensional tectonicsfault permeabilitymetasomatismElba Island
Type
FLUID FLOW AND MINERALIZATION IN FAULTS AND FRACTURES
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 159 , Issue 11-12: THEMATIC ISSUE: Faults and fractures in rocks: mechanics, occurrence, dating, stress history and fluid flow , November 2022 , pp. 2238 - 2261
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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