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Breccias.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

S. H. Reynolds
S. H. Reynolds
Affiliation:
University of Bristol.
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Extract

Breccias in general have been exhaustively discussed by W. H. Norton, and Bonney has fully described a large number of sedimentary origin. But since these papers were written attention has been drawn to certain fresh types of brecciated rock, and perhaps a briefer account than that in Norton's paper and one referring more particularly to British examples may be of service.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 65 , Issue 3 , March 1928 , pp. 97 - 107
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1928

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References

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10 Q.J.G.S., xxix (1873), pp. 187–95. A section is given (p. 191) showing three bands of breccia interbedded with shale.Google Scholar

11 Ibid., lviii (1902), pp. 290–310.

12 Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, xvi (1916), pp. 75–85. This paper, which is illustrated by four plates, gives references to all earlier British writers and summarizes their opinions. There is also a reference to these breccias in Norton's paper (op. cit., p. 171). He suggests that they may be due to landslides fallen into the sea.Google Scholar

1 Op. cit., pp. 162–3.

2 Op. cit., pp. 179–81.

3 Tiddeman, R. H., Rep. Brit. Ass. Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1889, pp. 602–3Google Scholar; also as quoted by , Marr, Q.J.G.S., lv (1899), p. 330; Marr fully describes the Craven breccias (pp. 343–9 and figs. 9–13) and considers them all to be tectonic.Google Scholar

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7 The term desiccation conglomerate (breccia) was first used by J. E. Hyde in describing the Coal Measure Limestone of Ohio (Amer. Journ. Sci., xxv, 1908, pp. 401–8).Google Scholar See also Walcott, C. D. (Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 134 (1896), p. 40); he compares certain thin-bedded brecciated limestones (shown in pl. x) with layers of fine sand and silt hardened by the sun and wind on a tidal fiat, and brecciated by the incoming tide (pl. xv).Google Scholar

1 As for example in the Avon section, Bristol; see Q.J.G.S., lxxvii (1921), pp. 216, 224–6, 228–9.Google Scholar

2 Brecciated limestone of this type is termed calcaire grumeleux by Professor H. de Dorlodot. The term is adopted by Vaughan, , Q.J.G.S., lxxi (1915), p. 26 (note) Similar breeciated limestones occur on a large scale, forming the Grande Br≖che (Upper S 2) of Belgian geologists.Google Scholar See also de Lapparent, J., Ann. Soc. Geol. du Nord, t. xlvii (1922), pp. 110 and 113.Google Scholar

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5 An example of such breccias is figured in Q.J.G.S., lxvi (1910), p. 557.Google Scholar

6 An example from Charnwood Lodge Drive, Charnwood Forest, is included in the first issue of British Geological photographs published by the British Association.

7 Mem. Geol. Survey, sheet 21, Scotland (Arran, N., Bute, S., etc.), 1903, pp. 79–83.Google Scholar

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8 Ibid., “Tertiary and Post-Tertiary Geology of Mull, etc.,” 1924, pp. 199–207.

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2 Mr. Green suggests (Ibid., note) that such an infilling is shown by the figure on p. 92, Q.J.G.S., lx (1904).Google Scholar

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6 Q.J.G.S., lvi (1900), p. 23.Google Scholar

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11 A good example is figured by , Teall, Proc. Geol. Ass., xxix (1918), pl. ii (B).Google Scholar

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2 Note—In addition to the numerous cases alluded to in the text rocks brecciated by movement are shown in several of the plates in the North- West Highland memoir. P1. xxii is of a dyke shattered by movement but with the fragments still in contact. Pl. xxix is of phacoidal structure produced in a gneiss. Compare also Hill, J. B., “On the Crust Conglomerates of Argyllshire,” Q.J.G.S., lvii (1901), pp. 313–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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5 Ibid., pp. 61–3.

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1 Op. cit., p. 191.

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4 An excellent example is illustrated in the third series of Geological Photographs, published by the British Association Geological Photographs Committee. See also Trechmann, C. T., Q.J.G.S., lxix (1913), pp. 189 and 217,Google Scholar and Proc. Geol. Assoc., xxxvi (1925), p. 142. It is there suggested that possibly certain of these breccias may have had a chemical origin, being produced by “stewing in a superheated or supersaturated solution of sulphates”.Google Scholar

5 Washington Univ. Studies, xiii, Sci. Ser., No. 1, pp. 45–62 (1925).

6 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and Weymouth,” pp. 80–2.Google Scholar

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3 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of Swansea,” p. 10,Google Scholar and Dixon, E. E. L. and A., Vaughan, Q.J.G.S., vol. lxvii (1911), pp. 507–11.Google Scholar See also Rep. Brit. Assoc. Oxford (1926), pp. 89–92.Google Scholar

4 Evans, J. W., Proc. Geol. Assoc., xxv (1914), p. 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar