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II.—The Fundamental Problems of Petrogenesis, or the Origin of the Igneous Rocks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Franz Lœwinson-Lessing
Franz Lœwinson-Lessing
Affiliation:
Professor of Mineralogy and Geology, Polytechnic Institute, Sosnovka, St. Petersburg, Russia; For. Corr. Geol. Soc. Lond.
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Extract

The question of the origin of igneous rocks, their diversity and genetic relationships, represents that fundamental problem of petrography which has been for many years the object of inquiry for petrologists as well as for geologists and chemists. Whilst the amount and scope of detailed observation were growing, the methods of experimental investigation improved, and as the eruptive rocks came to be studied from the point of view of physical chemistry, so the petrogenetical horizon became larger and wider. Thus, on the basis of numerous minute and detailed observations were built broad generalizations that gave rise to new problems.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 8 , Issue 6 , June 1911 , pp. 248 - 257
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1911

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References

page 248 note 1 Loewinson-Lessing, F., “Études de péirographie générale,” p. 178: Trans. Soe. Nat. St. Pétersbourg, 1898.Google Scholar “Studien über die Eruptivgesteine,” p. 187: Compt. rend. Congr. Géol. Inter., St. Pétersbourg.Google Scholar

page 248 note 2 Originally written in Russian, August 27, 1910, and printed in the Annales de I'Institut Polytechnique de St. Pétersbourg, v, xiv, 1910, p. 111.Google Scholar

page 249 note 1 See, for instance, Clarke, , “The Data of Geochemistry”: Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 330, 1908.Google Scholar

page 249 note 2 It must be noticed that in calculating the average composition of the whole crust Clarke (ibid.) takes for the sediments and the eruptives certain coeffcients corresponding to their relative quantities in the solid crust. But why is the same method not applied to the calculation of the average for the eruptive rocks ?

page 250 note 1 Daly, R., “Origin of the Augite-andesites”: Jour. Geol., 1908, p. 409.Google Scholar

page 250 note 2 Holmquist, , “Studien über die Granite von Schweden”: Bull. Geol. Inst. Upsala, vii, 1906.Google Scholar

page 250 note 3 Washington, H. S., “Chemical Analyses of Igneous Rocks published from 1884 to 1900”: U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap. No. 14, 1903.Google Scholar

page 250 note 4 Daly, E., “Average Chemical Composition of Igneous Rock-types”: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, xlv, No. 7, p. 209, 1910.Google Scholar

page 251 note 1 Rosenbuseh, H., Mikroskopische Physiographic der massigen Gesteine, 4th ed., pp. 142, 395, 1907.Google Scholar

page 252 note 1 Brögger, W., Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebiets. II. Die Eruptionsfolge der triadischen Eruptivgesteine bei Predazzo. 1895, p. 27.Google Scholar

page 253 note 1 Mennell, F. P., “The Average Composition of the Igneous Rocks,” GEOL. MAG., 1904, p. 263;Google Scholar “The Constitution of the Igneous Rocks,” ibid., May, 1909, p. 212.

page 253 note 2 Daly, R., “The Geology of the Ascutney Mountains, Vermont”: Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 209, 1903.Google Scholar

page 253 note 3 Dutton, , The High Plateaux of Utah, 1880, p. 125 (cited after Daly).Google Scholar

page 255 note 1 Beljankin, D., “Petrographical Sketches of the Ilmen Mounts,” ii: Ann. Inst. Polyt. St. Pétersbourg, vol. xiii, p. 715, 1910.Google Scholar

page 255 note 2 Daly, R., “Origin of the Alkaline Bocks”: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. xxi, p. 87, 1910.Google Scholar

page 255 note 3 Harker, A., Tlie Natural History of Igneous Rocks, 1909.Google Scholar Amongst different papers of the author cited in this work see especially “The Tertiary Igneous Eocks of Skye” (Mem. Geol. Surv., 1904).

page 256 note 1 Philipp, H., “Studien aus dem Gebiete der Granite und umgewandelten Gabbro des mittleren Wiesentales”: Mitteil. Badisch. Geol. Landesanst., vi, i, 1910.Google Scholar

page 256 note 2 Bunsen, R., “Ueber die Processe der vulkanischen Gesteinsbildung Islands”: Pogg. Ann., lxxxiii, p. 197, 1851.Google Scholar

page 256 note 3 Michel-Lévy, A., “Sur la classification des magmas des rockes eruptives”: Bull. Soc. Géol. France, xxv, 1897.Google Scholar