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GF-120 effects on fruit fly species (Diptera:Tephritidae) in Sahelian agroforestry-based horticultural croppingsystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2012

Ousmane Zakari-Moussa ,
Alain Ratnadass ,
Jean-François Vayssières ,
Albert Nikiema ,
Dougbedji Fatondji ,
Halarou Salha ,
Kadri Aboubacar ,
Philippe Ryckewaert  and
Dov Pasternak
Ousmane Zakari-Moussa
Affiliation:
Abdou Moumouni Univ., Fac. Agron., BP 10960, Niamey, Niger
Alain Ratnadass*
Affiliation:
CIRAD-Persyst, UPR HortSys, TA B-103 / PS4, Montpellier, F-34398 France. ratnadass@cirad.fr ICRISAT, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger
Jean-François Vayssières
Affiliation:
CIRAD-Persyst, UPR HortSys, TA B-103 / PS4, Montpellier, F-34398 France. ratnadass@cirad.fr IITA, Biol. Control Unit Afr., 08 BP 0932, Tri Post., Cotonou, Bénin
Albert Nikiema
Affiliation:
ICRISAT, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger Present address: FAO, For. Dep., Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome Italy
Dougbedji Fatondji
Affiliation:
ICRISAT, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger
Halarou Salha
Affiliation:
ICRISAT, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger
Kadri Aboubacar
Affiliation:
Abdou Moumouni Univ., Fac. Agron., BP 10960, Niamey, Niger
Philippe Ryckewaert
Affiliation:
CIRAD-Persyst, UPR HortSys, TA B-103 / PS4, Montpellier, F-34398 France. ratnadass@cirad.fr
Dov Pasternak
Affiliation:
ICRISAT, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger Present address: 16/12 Harav Goren St., Rishon Letzion Israel
*
* Correspondence and reprints
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Abstract

Introduction. In the water-saving and income-generating agroforestry cropping systems developed and promoted by the ICRISAT in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, particularly in Niger, fruits of domesticated Ziziphus mauritiana (“apples of the Sahel”) are severely damaged by fruit flies (Carpomya incompleta), and chemical pesticide application poses economic, environmental and human health problems. In the Bio-reclamation of Degraded Lands (BDL) system, apple of the Sahel is the main high-value crop, while in the Dryland Eco-Farm (DEF), it is grown alongside watermelon. Sclerocarya birrea (marula plum) is presently being investigated as a dryland tree species for fruit and oil production, either in orchards or such systems as BDL. Materials and methods. To complete preliminary results of earlier studies published elsewhere, we collected and incubated in 2010 ripe fruits of marula plum and watermelon in Sadoré, Niger, where the above-mentioned agroforestry systems are developed, and we recorded emerging fruit flies. We also conducted a spot-spraying experiment (using GF-120) in an apple of the Sahel orchard in Niamey in 2010; we recorded undamaged and damaged fruits and incubated the latter. In the same orchard, we set up in 2011 a fruit fly trapping survey targeting the invasive species Bactrocera invadens (Chempac® traps using methyl eugenol as the attractant). Results and discussion. The results showed that only Ceratitis cosyra emerged from marula plums, and only Dacus spp. from watermelon. The GF-120 spot-spraying experiment showed that C. incompleta was not attracted / intoxicated, contrary to Ceratitis spp. and Dacus spp.; the sprayed trees yielded significantly more marketable fruits than unsprayed ones; only C. incompleta emerged from damaged fruit. Detection trapping revealed for the first time the presence of B. invadens in the Sahelian zone of Niger, including at the time of apple of the Sahel fruit production. Conclusion. This, alongside results of earlier studies, suggests a repellent effect of GF-120 on the monophagous C. incompleta species (Trypetinae), while it is attractive to oligophagous/polyphagous Dacinae fruit flies; some of them (e.g., Dacus spp.) damage watermelon, which is part of the DEF system, and produce fruit at the same time as the jujube tree. The prospects for harnessing these two opposite regulation pathways are discussed.

Keywords

NigerZiziphus mauritianaCitrullus lanatuspest controlCarpomya incompletaBactrocera invadensCeratitisDacuscontrol methodsintegrated controlattractantsrepellentsNigerZiziphus mauritianaCitrullus lanatuslutte antiravageurCarpomya incompletaBactrocera invadensCeratitisDacusméthode de luttelutte intégréeattractifrépulsifNígerZiziphus mauritianaCitrullus lanatuscontrol de plagasCarpomya incompletaBactrocera invadensCeratitisDacusmétodos de controllucha integradaatrayentesrepelentes
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 67 , Issue 5 , September 2012 , pp. 333 - 339
Copyright
© 2012 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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