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Molecular mechanisms controlling human adipose tissue development: insights from monogenic lipodystrophies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2010

Justin J. Rochford
Justin J. Rochford
Affiliation:
Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. E-mail: jjr30@cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

Appropriately functioning adipose tissue is essential for human health, a fact most clearly illustrated by individuals with lipodystrophy, who have impaired adipose development and often suffer severe metabolic disease as a result. Humans with obesity display a similar array of metabolic problems. This reflects failures in fat tissue function in obesity, which results in consequences similar to those seen when insufficient adipose tissue is present. Thus a better understanding of the molecules that regulate the development of fat tissue is likely to aid the generation of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of all disorders of altered fat mass. Single gene disruptions causing lipodystrophy can give unique insights into the importance of the proteins they encode in human adipose tissue development. Moreover, the mechanisms via which they cause lipodystrophy can reveal new molecules and pathways important for adipose tissue development and function as well as confirming the importance of molecules identified from studies of cellular and animal models.

Type
Review Article
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 12 , January 2010 , e24
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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References

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Further reading

Garg, A. and Agarwal, A.K. (2009) Lipodystrophies: disorders of adipose tissue biology. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791, 507-513Google Scholar
Hayashi, Y.K. et al. (2009) Human PTRF mutations cause secondary deficiency of caveolins resulting in muscular dystrophy with generalized lipodystrophy. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 119, 2623-2633Google Scholar
Rubio-Cabezas, O. et al. (2009) Partial lipodystrophy and insulin resistant diabetes in a patient with a homozygous nonsense mutation in CIDEC. EMBO Molecular Medicine 1, 280-287Google Scholar
Unger, R.H. and Scherer, P.E. (2010) Gluttony, sloth and the metabolic syndrome: a roadmap to lipotoxicity. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 21, 345-352Google Scholar
Lefterova, M.I. and Lazar, M.A. (2009) New developments in adipogenesis. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 20, 107-114Google Scholar
Tran, T.T. et al. (2008) Beneficial effects of subcutaneous fat transplantation on metabolism. Cell Metabolism 7, 410-420Google Scholar