The spinal reflex circuitry of the rectus abdominis (RA) muscle in man was investigated by the application of a mechanical tap to the muscle. Electromyographic recordings were made in ten healthy subjects, performing a series of manoeuvres, using pairs of surface electrodes placed bilaterally. The reflex responses elicited largely depended on the amount of tonic (postural) activity of the trunk. When standing in the upright position, no reflex activity was recorded in response to the tap. Reflex activity due to mechanical tap was readily recorded when the muscle became tonically active. Moderate, backward trunk extension introduced short-latency reflexes at 18.8 ± 1.9 ms (mean ± S.D.) ipsilaterally and 20.8 ± 1.8 ms contralaterally. Excitatory reflex activity of longer latency was also recorded contralaterally in all subjects (latency 45.1 ± 4.3 ms) and ipsilaterally in five of the ten subjects (latency 47.2 ± 2.6 ms). Vibration of the tapped muscle produced a reduction in the amplitude of the early reflex responses, whilst increasing the amplitude of the late responses. Moreover, the early reflexes were facilitated by the Jendrassik manoeuvre. Such observations are consistent with the early responses being mediated, at least partly, monosynaptically, and the late responses being of polysynaptic nature. This implies that muscle spindle afferents from rectus abdominis monosynaptically activate motoneurones contralaterally.