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IMPROVING THE DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEA ARABICA AFTER CHANGING THE PATTERN OF LEAF GAS EXCHANGE BY WATERING CYCLES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2010

PAULA NOVAES ,
JOÃO PAULO SOUZA  and
CARLOS HENRIQUE BRITTO ASSIS PRADO
PAULA NOVAES*
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal. Via Washington Luis, km 235, 13565–905, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
JOÃO PAULO SOUZA
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Avenida Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120, 75704-020, Catalão-GO, Brazil
CARLOS HENRIQUE BRITTO ASSIS PRADO
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal. Via Washington Luis, km 235, 13565–905, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
*
‡Corresponding author: paulanovaes.botanica@gmail.com
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Summary

Hardening of Coffea arabica saplings by watering cycles (WCs) might be a suitable practice to achieve higher tolerance to low leaf water potential (Ψleaf) before transplanting to the field. As a consequence, hardening could promote growth and biomass gain during the initial development of C. arabica in the field. Thus, the less interrupted initial growth in a changing environment should confer higher flowering intensity in hardened than in control plants. The aim of this work was to verify if leaf gas exchange and Ψleaf behaviour of C. arabica saplings grafted on C. canephora showed consistent alterations during hardening by WCs and if this was effective to improve vegetative and reproductive growth under field conditions. For these reasons, saplings of the Mundo Novo cultivar of C. arabica grafted on C. canephora were submitted to seven WCs over 35 days. Each WC was completed when net photosynthesis was close to zero. The pattern of leaf gas exchange, mainly stomatal conductance (gs), was modified permanently after three WCs and the new pattern of leaf gas exchange could result in a more positive water balance and less interrupted development of C. arabica saplings in the field, particularly due to permanent low values of gs. After field transplantation, hardened plants showed greater height and stem diameter, more leaves and branches, and superior biomass production in leaves, stem and roots than control plants in dry and wet periods. The number of flowers was also significantly higher in hardened than in control plants. On the other hand, similar values were found between control and hardened plants in the leaf area ratio and the shoot/root ratio. Therefore, previous hardening by WCs was effective in improving leaf gas exchange, vegetative and reproductive development under field conditions and maintained the original biomass partitioning among the main plant compartments in dry and wet periods.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 46 , Issue 3 , July 2010 , pp. 381 - 391
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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