Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-fqc5m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T19:46:46.768Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

DEVELOPING PREDICTION EQUATIONS AND OPTIMIZING PRODUCTION OF THREE AM FUNGAL INOCULA UNDER ON-FARM CONDITIONS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2011

MAHAVEER P. SHARMA*
Affiliation:
Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110 003, India
*
Corresponding author. Present address: Microbiology Section, Directorate of Soybean Research (DSR Indore–ICAR), Khandwa Road, Indore – 452 001, India. E-mail: mahaveer620@gmail.com

Summary

The production potential of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), AM-1004 (Glomus intraradices), AM-1209 (mixed indigenous AMF) and AM-1207 (Mycorise, commercial inocula), were examined separately in three fractions/forms (root-based, soil-based and mixture of roots + soil) at 40, 60, 80 and 105 days in raised beds. The beds were amended with organic matter to develop regression equations for predicting optimal AM production vis-à-vis time required for particular inocula using infectious propagules (IP) as the independent variable. The IP production observed in the system was found to vary among the different inocula used. AM-1004 and AM-1207 produced significantly higher propagule counts in root or soil-based samples and a mixture of both at 105 days as compared to AM-1209. Based on two-way ANOVA, irrespective of time, AM-1004 (root/soil-based) produced a significantly larger number of propagules, whereas propagules in the crude inoculum (roots + soil) of all three inocula were not significantly different. On the other hand, irrespective of AMF, significantly more propagules (in all forms) were observed at 105 days. Similarly, irrespective of time, AM-1004 produced significantly higher root colonization (MCP, mycorrhizal colonization percentage) in all three forms (roots: 65.95%; soil: 24.32; soil + roots: 58.03%). The MCP in roots was increased significantly with time of multiplication. However, there was not much improvement in the MCP of soil or in soil + roots fractions beyond 80 days. Further, prediction of the number of IP for the three AM inocula was mathematically derived separately from the Mitscherlish-Bray equation (Y = ab*exp (–cD). Based on the maximum yield of propagules of the three inocula observed and fitted into equations, root-based AM-1004 and AM-1209 inocula were found to be more efficient in producing propagules in 65 days as compared to AM-1207, which produced propagules in 76 days. While comparing the overall combinations, AM-1004 and AM-1209 inocula used either as roots, soil or a mixture of both and have greater potential in producing more propagules in the shortest span of time. While taking into account the predicted values of AM-1209 crude inoculum, about 12 IP g−1 substrate can be achieved in 72 days. Therefore, if a farmer uses crude inocula (having zero time IP of about 0.8/g substrate) of AM 1209, a total production of about 12.12 million IP/m3 can be achieved in 72 days. These can be used for on-farm production.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abbott, L. K. and Robson, A. D. (1981). Infectivity and effectiveness of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effect of inoculum type. Australian J Agricultural Research 32:631639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baby, U. I. and Manibhushanrao, K. (1996). Influence of organic amendments on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to rice sheath blight disease. Mycorrhiza 6: 201206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biermann, B. J. and Linderman, R. (1981). Quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae: proposed method towards standardization. New Phytologist 87:6367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biermann, B. J. and Linderman, R. G. (1983). Use of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal roots, intraradical vesicles and extra radical vesicles as inoculum. New Phytologist 95:97106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brundrett, M. C., Abbot, L. K. and Jasper, D. A. (1999). Glomalean mycorrhizal fungi from tropical Australia. I. Comparison of the effectiveness and specificity of different isolation procedures. Mycorrhiza 8:305314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Datta, N. P., Khera, M. S. and Saini, T. R. (1962). A rapid calorimetric procedure for the determination of the organic carbon in soils. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 10:6774.Google Scholar
Douds, D. D. Jr, Nagahashi, G., Reider, C. and Hepperly, P. R. (2008). Choosing a mixture ratio for the on-farm production of AM fungus inoculum in mixtures of compost and vermiculite. Compost Science and Utilization 16:5260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douds, D. D., Adholeya, A. and Gadkar, V. (2000). Mass production of VAM fungus biofertilizer. In Mycorrhizal Biology, 197215 (Eds Mukerji, K. G., Chamola, B. P. and Singh, J.). Kluwer Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douds, D. D., Nagahashi, G., Pfeffer, P. E., Kayser, W. M. and Reider, C. (2005). On-farm production and utilization of mycorrhizal fungus inoculum. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85:1521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douds, D. D. and Reider, C. (2003). Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increases the yield of green peppers in a high P soil. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 21:91102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douds, D. D. Jr, Nagahashi, G., Pfeffer, P. E., Reider, C. and Kayser, W. M. (2006). On-farm production of AM fungus inoculum in mixtures of compost and vermiculite. Bioresource Technology 97:809818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fortin, J. A., Becard, G., Declerck, S., Dalpe, Y., St Arnaud, M., Coughlan, A. P. and Piche, Y. (2002). Arbuscular mycorrhiza on root-organ cultures. Canadian Journal of Botany 80:120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaur, A. and Adholeya, A. (2000). Effects of the particle size of soil-less substrates upon AM fungus inoculum production Mycorrhiza 10:4348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaur, A., Adholeya, A. and Mukerji, K. G. (1998). Influence of inoculation of capsicum and polianthes with various inoculants of VAM fungi in marginal soil amended with organic matter. Mycorrhiza 7:307312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaur, A., Adholeya, A. and Mukerji, K. G. (2000). On-farm production of VAM inoculum and vegetable crops in marginal soil amended with organic matter. Tropical Agriculture 77:2126.Google Scholar
Gazey, C., Abbott, L. and Robson, A. (1992). Development of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas on clover by three species of Acaulospora in relation to effects on plant growth. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Management of Mycorrhizas in Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry, Australian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.Google Scholar
Hung, L. L. and Sylvia, D. M. (1988). Inoculum production of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in aeroponic culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54:353357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menge, J. A. (1983). Utilization of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture. Canadian Journal of Botany 61:10151024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosse, B. and Hayman, D. S. (1971). Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular. II.-In unsterilized field soils. New Phytologist 70:2934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. Circular No. 939.Google Scholar
Payton, F. V., Rhue, R. D. and Hensel, D. R. (1989). Mitscherlich-Bray equation used to correlate soil phosphorus and potato yields. Agronomy Journal 81:571576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, J. M. and Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 55:158160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plenchette, C., Furlan, V. and Fortin, J. A. (1982). Effects of different endomycorrhizal fungi on five host plants grown on calcined montmorillonite clay. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science 107:535538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, A. V. and Tarafdar, J. C. (1999). Soil solarization for mass scale production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum in Indian arid zone. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 69:271274.Google Scholar
Saito, M. and Marumoto, T. (2002). Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: the status quo in Japan and the future prospects. Plant and Soil 244:273279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. (1991). SAS/STAT User's Guide Version 6.03 (Computer program). SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Sharma, M. P. and Adholeya, A. (2000). Enhanced growth and productivity following inoculation with indigenous AM fungi in four varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) in an alfisol. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 18:114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, M. P. and Adholeya, A. (2004). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post-vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry in an Alfisol. Canadian Journal of Botany 82:322328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sieverding, E. (1991). Vesicular–arbuscular Mycorrhiza Management in Tropical Agrosystems., Eschborn, Germany: Gtz.Google Scholar
Smith, S. E. and Read, D. J. (1997). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 2nd ed., San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar