Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xm8r8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-24T00:32:18.830Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Analysing Daily Rainfall Measurements to Give Agronomically Useful Results. I. Direct Methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

R. D. Stern
Affiliation:
Departments of Applied Statistics and Agricultural Botany, University of Reading, EnglandRG6 2AN
M. D. Dennett
Affiliation:
Departments of Applied Statistics and Agricultural Botany, University of Reading, EnglandRG6 2AN
I. C. Dale
Affiliation:
Departments of Applied Statistics and Agricultural Botany, University of Reading, EnglandRG6 2AN

Summary

Simple methods are described for the analysis of daily rainfall measurements. The distinctive feature is that each year provides one number for any event or characteristic of interest. The resulting observations are then analysed, assuming that they are a simple random sample from a single distribution. An estimate of the probability of an event can be made directly from its relative frequency of occurrence, or alternatively a distribution (such as the normal) can be fitted. The methods are applied to agronomic questions on dry spells, the start, end and length of the growing season, and the distribution of amounts of rainfall through the year. Examples are given from Nigeria and India.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Archer, D. R. (1981). Rainfall sequences in northern Malawi. Weather 36:29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benoit, P. (1977). The start of the growing season in northern Nigeria. Agricultural Meteorology 18:9199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, J. V.(1968).Distribution-Free Statistical Tests. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Buishand, T. A. (1977). Stochastic Modelling of Daily Rainfall Sequences. Wageningen: Veenman and Zonen.Google Scholar
Davy, E. G., Mattei, F. & Solomon, S. I. (1976). An Evaluation of Climate and Water Resources for Developmentof Agriculture in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of West Africa. Special Environmental Report 9, World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland. WMO-No. 459.Google Scholar
Gramzow, R. H. & Henry, W. K. (1972). The rainy pentads of Central America. Journal of Applied Meteorology 11:637642.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. R. (1970). A generalised probability model for sequences of wet and dry days. Monthly Weather Review 98:238241.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haan, C. T. (1977). Statistical Methods in Hydrology. Ames, USA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Hills, R. C. & Morgan, J. H. T. (1981). An interactive approach to the analysis of rainfall records for agricultural purposes. Experimental Agriculture 17:116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowal, J. M. & Knabe, D. T. (1972). An Agroclimatological Atlas of the Northern States of Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.Google Scholar
Manning, H. L. (1955). Calculation of confidence limits of monthly rainfall. Journal of Agricultural Science 45:154156.Google Scholar
Mooley, D. A. (1973). Gamma distribution probability model for Asian summer monsoon monthly rainfall. Monthly Weather Review 101:160176.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ORSTOM (1973). Précipitations journalières de l'origine des stations à 1965. Paris.Google Scholar
Pearson, E. S. & Hartley, H. O. (1972). Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Volume ii. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Raman, C. V. R. (1974). Analysis of Commencement of Monsoon Rains Over Maharashtra State for Agricultural Planning. Prepublished Scientific Report 216, India Meteorological Department, Poona, India.Google Scholar
Stern, R. D., Dennett, M. D. & Dale, I. C. (1982). Methods for analysing daily rainfall measurements togive useful agronomic results. II. A modelling approach. Experimental Agriculture 18:237253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thom, H. C. S. (1966). Some Methods of Climatological Analysis. Technical Note 81, World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland. WMO-No. 199.TP.103.Google Scholar
Virmani, S. M. (1975). The Agricultural Climate of the Hyderabad Region in Relation to Crop Planning (a sample analysis). Hyderabad, India: ICRISAT.Google Scholar
Virmani, S. M., Sivakumar, M. V. K. & Reddy, S. J. (1978). Rainfall Probability Estimates for Selected Locations of Semi-arid India. Research Report 1, Hyderabad, India: ICRISAT.Google Scholar
Walter, M. W. (1967). Length of the rainy season in Nigeria. Nigerian Geographical Journal 10:123128.Google Scholar
Woodhead, T., Waweru, E. S. & Lawes, E. S. (1970). Expected rainfall and Kenya agriculture – Confidence limits for large areas at minimum cost. Experimental Agriculture 6:8797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yap, W. C. (1973). The persistence of wet and dry spells in Sungei Buloh, Selangor. Meteorological Magazine 102:240245.Google Scholar