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Evidence-based Pharmacological Treatment in the Maintenance Phase of the Type I Bipolar Disorder: Anticonvulsants or Antipsychotics?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2022

O. Vasiliu
O. Vasiliu*
Affiliation:
Dr. Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Type I bipolar disorder (BDI) is characterized by a chronic evolution, with recurrent mood episodes that severely disrupt the overall functionality and quality of patients’ life. An adequate maintenance treatment is necessary to prevent relapses and to improve the functional prognosis of these patients.

Objectives

To find data regarding the most evidence-based therapeutic strategies in the maintenance phase of BDI.

Methods

A literature review was performed through the main electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE) using the search paradigm “type I bipolar disorder” AND “mood stabilizers” AND “antipsychotics” AND “anticonvulsants”. All papers published between January 2000 and August 2021 were included.

Results

The main recommendation is to continue in the maintenance phase the same medication that has proven its efficacy and tolerability in the acute phase. In BDI the most evidence-supported pharmacological approaches for the maintenance phase were lithium, valproate, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine as anticonvulsants/mood stabilizers, as well as olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole as antipsychotics. Lithium and valproate have been associated with positive influence over neuroplasticity, while antipsychotics have considerably higher metabolic adverse events. Monotherapy is recommended, but drugs associations are frequently met in clinical practice. There are no consistent data about the superiority of one class over the other, but lithium has a proven effect of decreasing the suicide rate in this population.

Conclusions

Both anticonvulsants and antipsychotics are used in the maintenance phase of the BDI, without significant differences in the efficacy rates. However, benefits and risks should be weighted for each class and each individual agent recommended.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Keywords

maintenance phasemoodstabilizersbipolar disorder
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 65 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 30th European Congress of Psychiatry , June 2022 , pp. S406
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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