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Difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal as early signs of psychosis in adolescents – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

P. Mäki ,
S. Koskela ,
G.K. Murray ,
T. Nordström ,
J. Miettunen ,
E. Jääskeläinen  and
J.M. Veijola
P. Mäki*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
S. Koskela
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
G.K. Murray
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
T. Nordström
Affiliation:
Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
J. Miettunen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
E. Jääskeläinen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
J.M. Veijola
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
*
*Corresponding author. P.O.Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Tel.: +358 8 315 6910; fax: +358 8 333 167. E-mail address: pirjo.maki@oulu.fi (P. Mä ki).
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Abstract

Aim

Social withdrawal is among the first signs of the prodromal state of psychosis seen in clinical samples. The aim of this prospective study was to find out whether difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal precede first episode psychosis in the young general population.

Methods

The members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 6274) completed the PROD-screen questionnaire in 2001–2002. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to detect both new psychotic and non-psychotic disorders requiring hospitalisation during 2003–2008.

Results

Twenty-three subjects developed psychosis and 89 developed a non-psychotic mental disorder requiring hospitalisation during the follow-up. Of those who developed psychosis, 35% had reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others and 30% social withdrawal in adolescence. In hospitalised non-psychotic disorder, the corresponding precentages were 10 and 13% and in the control group without hospital-treated mental disorder 9 and 11%. The differences between psychotic and non-psychotic hospitalised subjects (P < 0.01) as well as controls (P < 0.001) were statistically significant regarding difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others.

Conclusions

In this general population-based sample self-reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others in adolescence preceded psychosis specifically compared to hospitalised non-psychotic mental disorders and controls.

Keywords

Schizophrenia and psychosisEpidemiologyAdolescent psychiatrySocial psychiatryPsychometry and assessments in psychiatry
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 29 , Issue 6 , August 2014 , pp. 345 - 351
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2014

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