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Uso del tabaco en la esquizofrenia: un estudio de las concentraciones de cotinina en la saliva de pacientes y controles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Jan-Erik Strand  and
Henrik Nybäck
Jan-Erik Strand
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Central Vasa, Vasa, Finlandia
Henrik Nybäck
Affiliation:
Departamento de Neurociencia Clínica, Sección de Psiquiatría, Instituto Karolinska, Solna, Suecia
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Resumen

Se ha propuesto que la nicotina proporciona alivio de la ansiedad, gratificatión oral y automedicación de los síntomas psicóticos en los pacientes psiquiátricos. Para investigar las relaciones entre las alteraciones psicopatológicas y el uso del tabaco, medimos la concentratión de cotinina, el metabolito principal de la nicotina, en la saliva de pacientes psiquiátricos y voluntaries sanos. En una muestra de 42 pacientes esquizofrénicos correlacionamos la categoría de fumador, las concentraciones de cotinina, los perfiles de síntomas (PANSS) y los efectos secundarios de los neurolépticos (Simpson-Angus). A pesar de informar de la misma cantidad de cigarrillos consumidos por día, la concentración de cotinina en la saliva era significativamente más alta en los pacientes con esquizofrenia que en los controles. No hubo diferencias significativas en las características clínicas entre los pacientes esquizofrénicos fumadores y no fumadores, pero los fumadores tendían a estar con dosis más altas de fármacos. Las concentraciones altas de cotinina correlacionaban significativamente con los síntomas negativos Retraimiento pasivo y Aislamiento social. Los resultados indican que los pacientes esquizofrénicos fuman cigarrillos con más intensidad que otros pacientes y los sujetos sanos. La correlatión entre los niveles altos de cotinina y los síntomas negativos puede reflejar un intento por los pacientes esquizofrénicos de superar la retirada emocional y, así, los resultados pueden prestar apoyo a una hipótesis de automedicación.

Keywords

FumarNicotinaCotininaEsquizofreniaPANSS
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 12 , Issue 6 , September 2005 , pp. 318 - 322
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2005

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