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Polimorfismo del gen del receptor de tipo 2A para la serotonina (5HTR2A) y rasgos de la personalidad en pacientes con psicosis mayores
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Se ha comunicado que el polimorfismo del gen del receptor para la serotonina (5HTR2A) se asocia con fenotipos clínicos en la esquizofrenia. El estudio actual intentó investigar una relación entre el polimorfismo 102T/C del 5HTR2A y los rasgos de la personalidad así como los síntomas clínicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de la CIE-10 de esquizofrenia y trastornos afectivos. Se administró la determinación del genotipo del 5HTR2A, la evaluación clínica y psicológica a 375 pacientes, 104 familiares sanos en primer grado de los pacientes y 157 controles. Se observó en los pacientes una asociación entre el genotipo 2/2 del 5HTR2A y las puntuaciones en la escala de Hipocondría (MMPI) (ANOVA, F = 4,56; P = 0,011) y la ansiedad como rasgo (F = 4,21; P = 0,002). Se ha encontrado también una diferencia significativa entre los genotipos 1/1 y 2/2 para las puntuaciones de Neuroticismo (EPI) (f = 2,18; P = 0,0031). No se observaron diferencias significativas según el genotipo del 5HTR2A en el grupo de control o de familiares en primer grado para todas las escalas estudiadas. Los síntomas positivos, negativos y psicopatológicos se elevaban más en los pacientes con el genotipo 2/2 comparado con los portadores de otros genotipos. Por tanto, el genotipo 2/2 puede contribuir a producir el fenotipo, con rasgos clínicos y patológicos específicos en común, con independencia de la heterogeneidad nosológica de las psicosis.
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