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Asociación temporal entre inicio del consumo diario de tabaco y abuso de sustancias en la adolescencia y la morbilidad psiquiátrica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Risto Ilomäki ,
Kaisa Riala ,
Helinä Hakko ,
Jaakko Lappalainen ,
Taru Ollinen ,
Pirkko Räsänen ,
Markku Timonen  and
Grupo de Investigación Estudio 70
Risto Ilomäki
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 5000, Fin-90014, Finlandia
Kaisa Riala
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 5000, Fin-90014, Finlandia Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de la Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 26, 90029 OYS, Finlandia
Helinä Hakko
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 5000, Fin-90014, Finlandia Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de la Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 26, 90029 OYS, Finlandia
Jaakko Lappalainen
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Yale, New Haven, CT, Estados Unidos
Taru Ollinen
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de la Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 26, 90029 OYS, Finlandia
Pirkko Räsänen
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de la Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 26, 90029 OYS, Finlandia
Markku Timonen
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias de Ia Salud Pública y Medicina General, Universidad de Oulu, Apartado de Correos 5000, Fin-90014, Finlandia
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Resumen

Objetivo.

La asociación entre el consumo de cigarrillos y los trastornos psiquiátricos está claramente establecida en adultos. Sin embargo, sólo un número limitado de estudios ha investigado si la edad de inicio del consumo diario de tabaco (TD) en adolescentes se asocia con enfermedades psiquiátricas y viceversa.

Métodos.

Se recogieron datos de 508 adolescentes ingresados en un hospital psiquiátrico. Se usó el modelo de riesgo proporcional de Cox para comparar la iniciación del TD en adolescentes con y sin abuso de sustancias (AS) y otros trastornos psiquiátricos.

Resultados.

Las tasas de TD eran altas en todas las categorías diagnósticas. Los chicos comenzaron a fumar con menos edad (media 12,4 años) que las chicas (13 años). Tanto los chicos como las chicas diagnosticados de trastornos de conducta oposicionista y desafiante (TCOD) y también las chicas con AS comenzaron a fumar habitualmente antes que las chicas sin estos trastornos. El TCOD fue previo a la iniciación del TD en chicos. Los AS, los trastornos psicóticos y depresivos (DEP) fueron secundarios al TD en ambos sexos.

Conclusiones.

El TD en la adolescencia está relacionado con el AS posterior. El TCOD se asocia con la iniciación posterior del TD en chicos. El lapso de tiempo entre la iniciación del tabaquismo y el TCOD es más corto en chicas. La diferencia de sexos desempeña un papel en la asociación de TD y DEP. La iniciación de TD en muy temprana edad debería alertar a los profesionales médicos del posible desarrollo posterior de psicopatologías, sobre todo, AS.

Keywords

Tabaquismo diarioEdad de inicioEnfermedades coexistentesTemporalidadAdolescentes
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 15 , Issue 5 , June 2008 , pp. 246 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

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