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Fashioning Identities, Forging Inequalities: Late Neolithic/Copper Age Personal Ornaments of the Portuguese Estremadura

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Jonathan T. Thomas
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Abstract

From an analysis of over 3,000 beads and pendants from seven contemporary Late Neolithic/Copper Age (3500–2500 BC) sites in the Portuguese Estremadura, two dominant patterns emerge: (1) most beads show a high degree of standardization in terms of size and shape and are made from local materials; and (2) a minority are made from non-local, rare, and visually distinctive materials (e.g.variscite, ivory), and are less standardized and more labour-intensive. The emphasis on a wide-range of materials suggests that uncommon ornaments may have functioned as ‘value added' materials with special significance, enhancing potential design combinations. Material preferences for beads, bracelets, pendants, plaques, and ground stone tools (da Veiga Ferreira 1951; Lillios 1997, 2008) appear to mirror other Western Mediterranean raw material preferences for ornaments and other polished stone objects (Goñi Quinteiro et al. 1999; Harrison and Orozco Köhler 2001; Pascual Benito 1998; Skeates 2010; Teruel Berbell 1986) suggesting that the Estremadura participated in aspects of a wider system of shared symbolic values.

L'analyse de plus de 3000 perles et pendentifs provenant de sept sites contemporains du Néolithique récent/Âge du Cuivre (3500–2500 BC) de l'Estremadura portugais a permis de définir deux modèles dominants: (1) la plupart des perles présentent un degré élevé de standardisation quant à leur taille et forme et sont confectionnées à partir de matériaux locaux; (2) une minorité est faite de matériaux non locaux, rares et visuellement distinctifs (comme la variscite, l'ivoire); ces perles sont moins standardisées et nécessitent plus de travail à leur fabrication. L'importance accordée à la grande variété de matériaux semble indiquer que les ornements extraordinaires avaient peut-être la fonction de matériel à « valeur ajoutée » avec une signification spéciale, mettant en valeur de possibles combinaisons de designs. La préférence matérielle pour perles, bracelets, pendentifs, plaques et outils en pierre polie (da Veiga Ferreira 1951; Lillios 1997, 2008) semble refléter des préférences en matériaux bruts de l'ouest méditerranéen pour les ornements et objets en pierre polie (Goñi Quinteiro et al. 1999; Harrison et Orozco Köhler 2001; Pascual Benito 1998; Skeates 2010; Teruel Berbell 1986) et suggère que l'Estremadura faisait sous certains aspects partie d'un système plus étendu de valeurs symboliques partagées. Translation by Isabelle Gerges.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

In einer Analyse von 3000 Perlen und Anhängern aus sieben endneolithischen/ kupferzeitlichen (3500–2500 v. Chr.) Fundplätzen der portugiesischen Estremadura zeichnen sich zwei grundlegende Muster ab: (1) die meisten Perlen sind aus lokalen Materialien gefertigt und zeigen einen hohen Grad an Standardisierung, d. h. in Bezug auf Größe und Form; und (2) ein geringerer Teil an Perlen wurde hingegen aus nicht lokalen, seltenen und visuell herausragenden Materialien (z. B. Variszit, Elfenbein) in einer weniger standardisierten und arbeitsintensiven Form hergestellt. Die Betonung in der Verwendung einer großen Anzahl verschiedener Materialien suggeriert, dass seltene Schmuckstücke möglicherweise elaborierte ‘value-added' Objektemit besonderer Bedeutung darstellen, die die Zahl an möglichen Designkombinationen erhöhte. Die Wahl an Werkstoffen für Perlen, Armreifen, Anhänger, Zierplatten und Felsgeräte (da Veiga Ferreira 1951; Lillios 1997, 2008) scheint andere westmediterrane Rohmaterialpräferenzen für Schmuck und andere polierte Steinobjekte widerzuspiegeln (Goñi Quinteiro et al. 1999; Harrison and Orozco Köhler 2001; Pascual Benito 1998; Skeates 2010; Teruel Berbell 1986), was darauf hinweist, dass die Estremadura zu einem gewissen Maß an einem weiträumigen System von gemeinsamen Symbolwerten partizipierte. Translation by Roland Gauss.

Keywords

beadspersonal ornamentspolished stonecraft productionIberiaLate Neolithic/ Copper Ageperlesornements personnelspierre polieproduction artisanaleIbérieNéolithique récent/Âge du CuivrePerlenZierratgeschliffener SteinHandwerksproduktionIberische HalbinselSpätneolithikum/Kupferzeit
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 14 , Issue 1-2 , 2011 , pp. 29 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 Maney Publishing 

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