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The use of the Italian version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in a clinical sample and in a student group: an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2011

Antonella Scinto ,
Maria Grazia Marinangeli ,
Artemis Kalyvoka ,
Enrico Daneluzzo  and
Alessandro Rossi
Antonella Scinto*
Affiliation:
1Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila, L'Aquila
Maria Grazia Marinangeli
Affiliation:
1Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila, L'Aquila
Artemis Kalyvoka
Affiliation:
1Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila, L'Aquila
Enrico Daneluzzo
Affiliation:
2Unità Operativa Psicologica, Clinica Villa Serena, Città S. Angelo (Perugia)
Alessandro Rossi
Affiliation:
2Unità Operativa Psicologica, Clinica Villa Serena, Città S. Angelo (Perugia)
*
Indirizzo per la corrispondenza: Professor A. Rossi, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila. Fax: +39-085-9590.400
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Summary

Objective - The aim of this study was to verify the construct validity of the Italian version of Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) a questionnaire which estimates the parental style as reported by the son or daughter. Method - The questionnaire was administered to a group of 102 students (62 males and 40 females) attending University of L'Aquila and to a sample of 128 patients (76 males and 52 females) consecutively admitted to a psychiatric unit for an index episode. We compared the means of the two factors (care, protection) separately for each parent in the two groups using a t-test for indipendent samples. After having estimated the internal consistency of items of each scale by calculating Cronbach's coefficient α, a factor analysis was performed for students and patients to find the structural factors of the questionnaire; then, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the PBI items, for the students only, to evaluate the fit of the real items to models proposed in the literature. Results - The Italian version of the Parental Bonding Instrument, demonstrated the ability to discriminate between patients and controls; it showed an high internal consistency. The factor analysis identified a two factors solution which accounted for 44.6% and 44.3% of the variance of the mother's and father's PBI scores respectively for the group of students and it identified two factors which accounted for 49.3% and 46.6% of the variance in the group of patients. Conclusions - The psychiatric patients showed a low «care»-high «protection » confirming an association between the «affectionless control» pattern and psychiatric disorders.

Riassunto

Scopo - Il presente studio ha lo scopo di verificare la validità di costrutto della versione italiana del questionario Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) che misura lo stile genitoriale come ricordato dal figlio. Materiali e metodi - Il questionario è stato somministrato ad un gruppo di 102 studenti dell'Università degli Studi de L'Aquila (62 maschi e 40 femmine) ed a 128 pazienti (76 maschi e 52 femmine) consecutivamente ricoverati in un reparto di psichiatria per un episodio indice. Nel gruppo dei pazienti ed in quello degli studenti sono state confrontate le medie dei valori delle due dimensioni («cura» e «protezione») per ciascun genitore in ogni gruppo, con un t-test per campioni indipendenti. Dopo la verifica della consistenza interna degli item del questionario calcolando il valore dell'alfa di Cronbach, è stata effettuata un'analisi fattoriale esplorativa per studenti e pazienti separatamente per individuare i fattori latenti del questionario e un'analisi fattoriale confermatoria nel gruppo di studenti per valutare l'adeguatezza dei dati reali rispetto ai modelli proposti in letteratura. Risultati - La versione italiana del PBI, ha dimostrato di differenziare i 2 gruppi e di possedere una buona consistenza interna degli item. L'analisi fattoriale esplorativa condotta nel gruppo degli studenti identificava due fattori che spiegavano il 44.6% ed il 44.3% della varianza per le scale del PBI della madre e del padre rispettivamente, mentre nel gruppo dei pazienti identificava due fattori che spiegavano il 49.3% ed il 46.6% della varianza per le scale del PBI rispettivamente della madre e del padre. Conclusioni - I pazienti affetti da patologie psichiatriche evidenziano una bassa «cura»/alta «protezione» rispetto agli studenti, confermando l'associazione tra un pattern affettivo di affectionless control e la presenza di un disturbo psichiatrico.

Keywords

parental bondingParental Bonding Instrument (PBI)exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.legame genitorialeParental Bonding Instrument (PBI)analisi fattoriale esplorativa e confermatoria.
Type
Articles
Information
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences , Volume 8 , Issue 4 , December 1999 , pp. 276 - 283
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

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