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Studies with inactivated equine influenza vaccine: 1. Serological responses of ponies to graded doses of vaccine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

J. M. Wood ,
Jennifer Mumford ,
C. Folkers ,
A. M. Scott  and
G. C. Schild
J. M. Wood
Affiliation:
Division of Viral Products, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Holly Hill, London NW3 6RB
Jennifer Mumford
Affiliation:
Equine Virology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kennett, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7DW
C. Folkers
Affiliation:
Animal Health Division, Duphar B. V., C. J. Van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 cp Weesp, Holland
A. M. Scott
Affiliation:
Equine Virology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kennett, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7DW
G. C. Schild
Affiliation:
Division of Viral Products, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Holly Hill, London NW3 6RB
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Summary

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Serological responses to three bivalent aqueous equine influenza vaccines of different potency and an adjuvanted bivalent vaccine containing inactivated A/equine/Prague/56 (H7N7) and A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) viruses, were examined in seronegative ponies. Potencies of the vaccines, measured by single-radial-diffusion tests, ranged from 4 to 56 μg of haemagglutinin (HA) antigen activity/virus strain per dose. Serological responses to vaccination were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and single-radial-haemolysis (SRH) tests.

Four weeks after a primary dose, HI responses to both vaccine viruses were barely detectable; after a second dose the HI responses to A/Miami/63 virus were low or undetectable but HI responses to A/Prague/56 virus were higher (17/20 ponies with titres ≤ 1:16). In contrast SRH tests revealed dose-related antibody responses to both virus strains after one and two vaccine doses; levels after the second dose were 2- to 5-fold higher than after the primary dose. Highest post-vaccination antibody titres were obtained with the adjuvanted vaccine which contained 2- to 4-fold less antigen (13–23 μg HA) than the most potent aqueous vaccine. Post-vaccination antibody reacted well in SRH tests with recent antigenic variants of equine influenza virus. A remarkable finding was the high rate of decline in antibody, detected by HI or SRH tests, following one or two doses of vaccine. Even in animals with the highest post-vaccine antibody levels 2–4 weeks after a booster dose, antibody levels had declined to low or undectable levels 14 weeks later. The low antibody titres detected at 14–32 weeks after vaccination were nevertheless vaccine dose-related.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 90 , Issue 3 , June 1983 , pp. 371 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

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