Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gvh9x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T04:44:32.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Household-acquisition of measles and illness severity in an urban community in the United States*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

J. C. Butler*
Affiliation:
Division of Field Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Section of Acute and Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Wisconsin Division of Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
M. E. Proctor
Affiliation:
Section of Acute and Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Wisconsin Division of Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
K. Fessler
Affiliation:
City of Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
D. J. Hopfensperger
Affiliation:
Section of Acute and Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Wisconsin Division of Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
D. M. Sosin
Affiliation:
Division of Field Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
J. P. Davis
Affiliation:
Section of Acute and Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Wisconsin Division of Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
*
Correspondence to: J. C. Butler, Respiratory Diseases Branch. Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control. 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop CO-9, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Studies from developing countries suggest that persons with household-acquired (HA) measles are at greater risk of severe illness than persons with community acquired (CA) infection. Reported measles cases occurring among Milwaukee residents from May 1989 to June 1990 were used to assess whether household acquisition was a risk factor for severe measles in the United States. A case was classified as HA if onset of rash occurred 7–18 days after onset of rash in another case in the same household. Hospitalization rates were similar for 128 patients with HA measles (27%) and for 1004 patients with CA measles (26%). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between hospitalization and household-acquisition after controlling for socioeconomic status, measles vaccination history, age, race, and date of onset of rash. Patients with HA measles were no more likely to be hospitalized than patients with CA measles (odds ratio 0·9, 95% confidence interval 0·6, 1·5). HA measles cases were not more severe than CA measles cases during this urban outbreak in the United States.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Footnotes

*

Presented in part at the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy: Chicago, Illinois, 2 October 1991 (Abstract #1427).

References

REFERENCES

1.Kasongo Project Team. Anthropometric assessment of energy-protein malnutrition and subsequent risk of mortality among preschool aged children. J Trop Pediatr 1983; 29: 6975.Google Scholar
2.Chen, LC, Chowdhury, AKMA. Huffman, SL. Anthropometric assessment of energy-protein malnutrition and subsequent risk of mortality among preschool aged children. Am J Clin Nutr 1980; 33: 1836–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Nieburg, P, Dibley, MJ. Risk factors for fatal measles infections. Int J Epidemiol 1986: 15: 309–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Black, FL. Measles. In: Evans, AS. ed. Viral infections of humans: Epidemiology and control. 3rd ed.New York: Plenum Medical Book Co. 1989: 451–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Aaby, P. Bukh, J. Lisse, IM. Smits, AJ. Overcrowding and intensive exposure as determinants of measles mortality. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120: 4963.Google Scholar
6.Aaby, P. Bukh, J, Hoff, G et al. , High measles mortality in infancy related to intensity of exposure. J Pediatr 1986; 109: 40–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Aaby, P. Bukh, J, Lisse, IM, da Silva, MC. Further community studies on the role of overcrowding and intensive exposure on measles mortality. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10: 474–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Aaby, P, Leeuwenburg, J. Patterns of transmission and severity of measles infection: a reanalysis of data from the Machakos area, Kenya. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 171–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Garenne, M, Aaby, P. Pattern of exposure and measles mortalitv in Senegal. J Infect Dis 1990: 161: 1088–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Koster, FT. Mortalitv among primary and secondary cases of measles in Bangladesh. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10:471–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Aaby, P. Bukh, J. Lisse, IM. Smits, AJ. Severe measles in Sunderland, 1885: A European–African comparison of causes of severe infection. Int J Epidemiol 1986; 15: 101–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Aaby, P. Severe measles in Copenhagen. 1915–1925. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10: 452–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Centers for Disease Control. Classification of measles cases and categorization of measles elimination programs. MMWR 1983; 31: 707–11.Google Scholar
14. 1985 Special Census of Population and Housing. Milwaukee. Wisconsin SMSA. Washington. DC: Bureau of the Census: 1985. United States Department of Commerce publication PHC80–2–243.Google Scholar
15.Campos-Filho, N. Franco, EL. MultLR: a microcomputer program for multiple logistic regression by unconditional and conditional maximum likelihood methods. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 439–44.Google Scholar
16.Schlenker, T, Fessler, K. Measles in Milwaukee. Wisconsin Med J 1990; 89: 403–7.Google Scholar
17.Schlenker, TL, Bain, C, Baughman, AL, Hadler, SC. Measles herd immunity: the association of attack rates with immunization rates in preschool children. JAMA 1992; 267: 823–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Sutter, RW. Markowitz, L, Bennetch, JM, Morris, W, Zell, ER, Preblud, SR. Measles among the Amish: a comparative study of measles severity in primary and secondary cases in households. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 1216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Havens, PL, Butler, JC, Day, SE, Mohr, BA, Davis, JP, Chusid, MJ. Determinants of admission to a children's hospital for treatment of measles. 1989–90. Am J Public Health 1993: 83: 379–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Cherry, JD. Measles. In: Feigin, RD. Cherry, JD, eds. Textbook of infectious diseases in children. 2nd ed.Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1987: 1607–28.Google Scholar
21.Remington, PL, Hall, WN, Davis, IH, Herald, A, Gunn, RA. Airborne transmission of measles in a physician's office. JAMA 1985; 253: 1574–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Goldberger, J, Anderson, JF. An experimental demonstration of the presence of the virus of measles in the mixed buccal and nasal secretions. JAMA 1911; 57: 476–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Edmonson, MB, Adiss, DG, McPherson, JT, Berg, JL. Circo, SR, Davis, JP. Mild measles and secondary vaccine failure during a sustained outbreak in a highly vaccinated population. JAMA 1990; 263: 2467–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Cherry, JD, Feigin, RD, Lobes, LA et al. , Urban measles in the vaccine era: a clinical, epidemiologic, and serologic study. J Pediatr 1972; 81: 217–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Davis, SF, Strebel, P, Atkinson, W et al. Reporting efficacy during a large measles outbreak in New York City. Presented at: 41st Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference. April 6–10. 1992. Atlanta, Georgia.Google Scholar
26.Centers for Disease Control. Measles-United States, 1988. MMWR 1989; 38: 601–5.Google Scholar
27.Centers for Disease Control. Measles-United States, first 26 weeks of 1989. MMWR 1989; 38: 863–72.Google Scholar
28.Centers for Disease Control. Measles prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1989; 38 (Suppl 9): 118.Google Scholar
29.American Academy of Pediatrics. Report of the committee on infectious diseases. 21st ed.Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1988: 277–89.Google Scholar
30.The National Vaccine Advisory Committee. The measles epidemic: the problems, barriers, and recommendations. JAMA 1991; 266: 1547–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar