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The Biological or Precipitin Test for Blood considered mainly from its medico-legal aspect1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

G. S. Graham-Smith  and
F. Sanger
G. S. Graham-Smith
Affiliation:
(From the Pathological Laboratory of the University of Cambridge.)
F. Sanger
Affiliation:
(From the Pathological Laboratory of the University of Cambridge.)
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A Point of great importance in medico-legal practice is the differentiation of human from other bloods. In dealing with fresh stains no difficulty has been found in distinguishing mammalian from avian and reptilian bloods. The more difficult operation of differentiating between mammalian bloods, for example between human and pig's blood, had up till the introduction of the biological, or preferably precipitin, test, except with the freshest material, baffied the ingenuity of the expert in legal medicine. In 1901 Nuttall (1. VI. '01) was amongst the first to draw attention to the possible value of this test for blood and serum in forensic practice.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , April 1903 , pp. 258 - 291
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1903

References

page 259 note 1 Working with 1 in 100 dilutions of pure serum Nuttall (VI. 1901) has shown that it is possible to distinguish the several bloods in a mixture.

page 260 note 1 Powerful anti-ox and anti-sheep sera were made by injections of 9·2 and 12 c.c. in doses of 1, 2, 1, 3·2, and 1·5, 2, 2, 3·5, and 3 c.c. respectively. The intervals between the injections were 4, 4, 2 and 5 days in each case, and the animals were bled 7 and 10 days after the last injections.

page 265 note 1 The varying amount of precipitum obtained with the different bloods is expressed in %; the reaction given with homologous blood (human, in this case) being taken as 100%. We are indebted to Dr Nuttall and Mr Strangeways for these (unpublished) figures.

page 277 note 1 Where saturated solutions are mentioned the dilutions are 1—10 etc. of these.