Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T15:14:05.628Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Truth Half Told: Finding the Perfect Pitch for Advertising and Marketing in Socialist Yugoslavia, 1950–1991

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2015

Abstract

Beginning in the 1950s, advertising and marketing specialists in Yugoslavia campaigned aggressively to change public and official perceptions of their work. By casting commercial promotion in terms of categories already established as legitimate in the ideology of Yugoslav socialism, the industry gradually naturalized advertising and marketing, transforming them from suspect capitalist practices into apparent necessities of progressive, rational production and distribution. Although the rhetoric used in this campaign consistently appealed to socialist values, in practice Yugoslav advertising and marketing were largely based on Western models. Yugoslav commercial promotion was only superficially “socialist advertising”; practitioners' arguments tended to obscure the true qualities of the industry.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2003. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Books

Andrejĉiĉ, Radovan. Politika kvalitete u proizvodnji i potrošnji [Quality Policy in Production and Consumption]. Zagreb, 1973.Google Scholar
Bird, William J Jr. “Better Living”: Advertising, Media, and the New Vocabulary of Business Leadership, 1935-1955. Evanston, Ill., 1999.Google Scholar
Bryson, Philip J. The Consumer under Socialist Planning: The East German Case. New York, 1984.Google Scholar
Davis, Deborah S., ed. The Consumer Revolution in Urban China. Berkeley, Calif., 2000.Google Scholar
Denitch, Bogdan Denis. The Legitimation of a Revolution: The Yugoslav Case. New Haven, Conn., 1976.Google Scholar
Deželak, Bogomir. Marketing. Maribor, 1971.Google Scholar
Deželak, Bogomir. Politika in organiziranje marketinga [Policy and Organization of Marketing], Maribor, 1984.Google Scholar
Dimitrijević, Radmilo, ed. Ekonomska propaganda i privredna reforma u SFRJ [Advertising and Economic Reform in the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia]. Belgrade, 1968.Google Scholar
Dinter, Ĉedo. Ekonomsko-propagandna služba u poduzeću [The Advertising Department in the Enterprise]. Zagreb, 1961.Google Scholar
Drakulic, Slavenka. The Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. New York, 1994.Google Scholar
Drugo jugoslavensko savjetovanje propagandista [Second Yugoslav Conference of Advertising Specialists, Proceedings, Zagreb, 22-23 Feb. 1963]. Zagreb, 1963.Google Scholar
Fine, Ben, and Leopold, Ellen. The World of Consumption. London, 1993.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s, New York, 1999.Google Scholar
Fruht, Miroslav. Kreacija privredne propagande [The Creation of Advertising]. Belgrade, 1975.Google Scholar
Gronow, Jukka. The Sociology of Taste. London, 1997.Google Scholar
Handbuch der Werbung, 2d ed. Berlin, 1969.Google Scholar
Hanson, Philip. Advertising and Socialism: The Nature and Extent of Consumer Advertising in the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. White Plains, N.Y., 1974.Google Scholar
Hladnik, Mario, ed. Zbornik predavanja sa seminara vizuelne komunikacije [Collection of Presentations from the Seminar on Visual Communication, proceedings of the conference “Visual Communication and Advertising,” Zagreb 1975]. Zagreb, 1976.Google Scholar
Ikels, Charlotte. The Return of the God of Wealth: The Transition to a Market Economy in Urban China. Stanford, Calif., 1996.Google Scholar
Kaminsky, Annette. Illustrierte Konsumgeschichte der DDR. Erfurt, 1999.Google Scholar
Kaminsky, Annette. Kaufrausch: Die Geschichte der ostdeutschen Versandhäuser. Berlin, 1998.Google Scholar
Kaminsky, Annette. Wohlstand, Schönheit, Glück : kleine Konsumgeschichte der DDR. Munich, 2001.Google Scholar
Kostic, Branislav. Marketing Agencija [The Marketing Agency]. Belgrade, 1988.Google Scholar
Kotler, Philip. Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967.Google Scholar
Lampe, John R. Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country. New York, 1996.Google Scholar
Leach, William. Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture. New York, 1993.Google Scholar
Lears, T. J. Jackson. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. New York, 1994.Google Scholar
Marchand, Roland. Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920-1940. Berkeley, Calif., 1985.Google Scholar
Merkel, Ina. Utopie und Bedürfnis: Die Geschichte der Konsumkultur in der DDR. Köln, 1999.Google Scholar
Mitrović, Borislav B. O+P+P=R: priručnik za upravljanje propagandom [O+P+P=R: A Handbook for Management Using Advertising]. Belgrade, 1988.Google Scholar
Mrvoš, Dušan P. Propaganda, reklama, publicitet: teorija i praksa [Propaganda, Advertising, Publicity: Theory and Practice]. Belgrade, 1959.Google Scholar
Niketic, Radoslav R. Privredno planiranje: osnovi planiranja privredne propagande [Commercial Planning: Fundamentals of Advertising Planning]. Belgrade, 1972.Google Scholar
Norris, James D. Advertising and the Transformation ofAmerican Society, 1865-1920. New York, 1990.Google Scholar
Petz, Boris. Psihologija u ekonomskoj propagandi [Psychology in Advertising], 3d ed. Zagreb, 1980.Google Scholar
Reid, Susan E., and Crowley, David, eds. Style and Socialism: Modernity and Material Culture in Post-War Eastern Europe. Oxford, U.K., 2000.Google Scholar
Rocco, Fedor. Uvod u marketing [Introduction to Marketing]. Belgrade, 1968.Google Scholar
Sagrak, Mirko. Ekonomska propaganda: programi [Advertising: Programs]. Zagreb, 1958.Google Scholar
Strasser, Susan. Satisfaction Guaranteed: The Making of the American Mass Market. New York, 1989.Google Scholar
Strasser, Susan, McGovern, Charles, and Judt, Matthias, eds. Getting and Spending: European and American Consumer Societies in the Twentieth Century. New York, 1998.Google Scholar
Sudar, Josip. Ekonomska propaganda [Advertising], 3d ed. Zagreb, 1971.Google Scholar
Sudar, Josip. Ekonomska propaganda: predavanja na postdiplomskom studiju Ekonomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu [Advertising: Graduate Lectures of the Economics Faculty in Zagreb]. Zagreb, 1975.Google Scholar
Sudar, Josip. Ekonomska propaganda u teoriji i praksi [Advertising in Theory and Practice]. Zagreb, 1958.Google Scholar
Sudar, Josip. Promotivne aktivnosti udruženog rada na tržištu [Promotional Activities of Associated Labor in the Marketplace]. 1979; rev. ed., Zagreb, 1984.Google Scholar
Tippach-Schneider, Simone. Das Grosse Lexikon der DDR-Werbung. Berlin, 2002.Google Scholar
Tippach-Schneider, Simone. Messemannchen und Minol-Pirol: Werbung in der DDR. Berlin, 1999.Google Scholar
Tyson, Laura D’Andrea. The Yugoslav Economic System and Its Performance in the 1970s. Berkeley, Calif., 1980.Google Scholar
Vracar, Dragutin. Privredna propaganda [Advertising]. Skopje, 1974.Google Scholar
Vracar, Dragutin. Uloga privredne propagande u politici prodaje jugoslovenskih predužeca: doktorska disertacija [The Role of Advertising in Sales Policy in Yugoslav Enterprises: Doctoral Dissertation]. Belgrade, 1972.Google Scholar
Vrcon, Branko. Reklama v gospodarski propagandi [Advertising in Commercial Promotion]. Ljubljana, 1967.Google Scholar
Williams, Rosalind H. Dream Worlds: Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth-Century France. Berkeley, Calif., 1982.Google Scholar
Zbornik referata sa IImeđunarodnog simpožijuma privrednih propagandista održanog od 2. do 7. novembra 1969. g. na Bledu [Proceedings of the Second International Symposium of Advertising Specialists Held from 2 to 7 November, 1969, in Bled]. Belgrade, n.d.Google Scholar

Articles

Batarelo, Ante. “Uvodna rijec [An Introductory Word].” In Mediji komuniciranja s tržistem danas i sutra: referati s međunarodnog simpozija ekonomske propagande ‘75 [Media of Communication with the Market Today and Tomorrow: Presentations from the International Symposium on Commercial Promotion ‘75, Cavtat, Yugoslavia, 11-14 March 1975], ed. Mario Hladnik. Zagreb, 1975, pp. 1113.Google Scholar
Garvan, Josip. “Predgovor [Foreword].” In Cedomir Jelenic, Ekonomska propaganda u trgovinskom predužecu [Advertising in the Commercial Enterprise]. Belgrade, n.d. [c. 1971], 5.Google Scholar
Hessler, Julie M. “Cultured Trade: The Stalinist Turn to Consumerism.” In Stalinism: New Directions, ed. Sheila Fitzpatrick. London, 2000.Google Scholar
Reid, Susan. “Cold War in the Kitchen: Gender and De-Stalinization of Consumer Taste in the Soviet Union under Khrushchev.Slavic Review 61 (Summer 2002): 211–52.Google Scholar
Svab, Alenka. “Consuming Western Image of Well-Being—Shopping Tourism in Socialist Slovenia.Cultural Studies 16 (Jan. 2002): 6379.Google Scholar
Zatlin, Jonathan R. “Consuming Ideology. Socialist Consumerism and the Intershops, 1970-1989.” In Arbeiter in der SBZ-DDR, ed. Hubner, Peter and Tenfelde, Klaus. Essen, 1999, pp. 555–72.Google Scholar
Zatlin, Jonathan R. “The Vehicle of Desire: The Trabant, the Wartburg and the End of the GDR.German History 15 (Aug. 1997): 358–80.Google Scholar
Zeremski, Vojislav. “Ekonomska propaganda i produktivnost rada” [Advertising and Labor Productivity]. In Ekonomska propaganda i privredna reforma u SFRJ, ed. DimitrijeviC, Radmilo. Belgrade, 1968, pp. 2128.Google Scholar

Periodicals

Društvo ekonomskih progagandistov Slovenije: Bilten [Advertising Association of Slovenia: Newsletter], 19671973.Google Scholar
Ideja: Časopis za društveno i tržišno komuniciranje [Idea: Journal for Social and Market Communications]. 1972-1981, 19881993.Google Scholar
JFTK novosti : novine jugoslovenskog festivala tržisnih komunikacija [JFTK News: Bulletin of the Yugoslav Festival of Marketing Communications]. 1987-1990.Google Scholar
Kreativne komunikacije: Časopis Agencije za marketing “Vjesnik” Zagreb [Creative Communications: Journal of the Vjesnik Marketing Agency, Zagreb]. 19721983.Google Scholar
Marketing: casopis Jugoslavenskog udruženja za marketing JUMA [Marketing: Journal of the Yugoslav Association for Marketing JUMA]. 1970-1986.Google Scholar
Medij: glasilo Drustva ekonomskih propagandistov Slovenije [Medium: Gazette of the Advertising Association of Slovenia]. 1974.Google Scholar
MM: marketing magazin: cšasopis za trzšne komunikacije [MM: Marketing Magazine: Journal for Market Communications]. 19811991.Google Scholar
Nas publicitet [Our Publicity]. 19541957.Google Scholar
Privredna propaganda: jugoslovenski cšasopis za privrednu propagandu i publicitet [Advertising: Yugoslav Journal for Advertising and Publicity]. 1969-1976.Google Scholar
Propaganda: cšasopis za ekonomsku propagandu i publicitet [Propaganda: Journal for Advertising and Publicity]. 19671970.Google Scholar
Savremena privredna propaganda: list za ekonomsku propagandu [Contemporary Advertising: An Advertising Review]. 19571958.Google Scholar
Standard: cšasopis za unapredjenje privredne propagande [Standard: Journal for the Advancement of Advertising]. 1955.Google Scholar
Supermarket: cšasopis za praksu suvremene trgovine [Supermarket: Journal for Contemporary Store Practice]. 19761986.Google Scholar

Dissertations

Patterson, Patrick Hyder. “The New Class: Consumer Culture under Socialism and the Unmaking of the Yugoslav Dream, 1945-1991.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 2001.Google Scholar
Pence, Katherine Helena. “From Rations to Fashions: The Gendered Politics of East and West German Consumption, 1945-1961.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1999.Google Scholar