Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-25T05:31:22.656Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

XXVII.—The Inheritance of Long and Short Wings in the Weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a Discussion of Wing Reduction among Beetles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Dorothy J. Jackson
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , 1928 , pp. 665 - 735
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1928

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allard, E., 1864. “Notes pour servir à la Classification des Coléoptères du genre Sitones,” Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Series 4, 4, 376.Google Scholar
Bedel, L., 1873. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. cxcv.Google Scholar
Berlese, A., 1909. Gli Insetti, 1, 175–254.Google Scholar
Bovie, A., 1908. Wytsman's Genera Insectorurn, fasc. 99.Google Scholar
Breitenbecher, J. K., 1925. “An Apterous Mutation in Bruchus,” Biol. Bull., 48, No. 3, 166–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breitenbecher, J. K., 1926. “Variation and Heredity in Bruchus quadrimaculatus,” Can. Ent., 58, No. 6, 131–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britten, H., 1926. Trans. Lin. Soc. London, 19, pt. 1, pp. 87–92.Google Scholar
Brues, C. T., 1902. “The Structure and Significance of Vestigial Wings among Insects,” Biol. Bull, 4, 178–190.Google Scholar
Brues, C. T., 1908. “Is Mutation a Factor in the Production of Vestigial Wings among Insects?” Journ. New York Entom. Soc., 16, 45–52.Google Scholar
Casey, T. L., 1890–1891. Coleopterological Notices I to III, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sciences, 5, 189, 330, 337, 347, 348, 408–409, 416–417; 6, 62–64.Google Scholar
Champion, G. C., 1924. “Coleoptera from the Seychelles,” Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 299.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1923. “The Coleoptera of the Madeira Islands,” Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 9, 11, 689–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A., and Harris, R. C., 1925. “The Wings of the Meloid Beetles,” Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, 25–32.Google Scholar
Crampton, G. C., 1914. “Notes on Thoracic Sclerites of Winged Insects,” Ent. New. Philadelphia, 25, 15–25.Google Scholar
Crampton, G. C., 1918. “Phylogenetic Study of the Terga and Wing-bases in Embids, Plecoptera, Dermaptera, and Coleoptera,” Psyche, 25, 4–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuénot, L., and Mercier, L., 1922. “La perte de la faculté du vol chez les Diptéres parasites,” G. R. Ac. Sc. Paris, 175, 433–436.Google Scholar
Cuénot, L., 1923. “Les muscles du vol chez les mutants alaires des Drosophiles,” op. cit., 176, 1112–1113.Google Scholar
Darwin, C., 1869. The Origin of Species, 5th edition, pp. 168–174.Google Scholar
Dean, G. A., 1916. “Insects injurious to Alfalfa,” Kansas State Agric. Coll. Div. of Coll. Exten. Manhattan, Bull., No. 5, pp. 1–36.Google Scholar
Dewitz, H., 1883. “Ueber rudimentäre Flügel bei den Coleopteren,” Zool. Anz., 6, 315–318.Google Scholar
Dewitz, J., 1912. “L'aptérisme expérimental des Insectes.” C. R. Ac. Sc. Paris, 154, 386–388.Google Scholar
Dewitz, J., 1917–1920. “Ueber die Entstehung rudimentäre Organe bei den Tieren,” Zool. Jahrbücher, 36, pt. 2, pp. 231–244; 37, 305–311.Google Scholar
Enderlein, G., 1903. Erg. Deutsch. Tiefsee Exp., 3, 200, 205, 207–217.Google Scholar
Fabricius, J. C., 1776. Genera Insectorum, p. 226.Google Scholar
Forbes, W. T. M., 1922. “The Wing-Venation of the Coleoptera,” Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 15, 328–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, W. T. M., 1924. “How a Beetle folds its Wings,” Psyche, 31, 254–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, W. W., 1887–1891. The Coleoptera of the British Islands, 1–5.Google Scholar
Fowler, W. W., 1912. “General Introduction, Cicindelidæ and Paussidæ,” Fauna of India Series: Coleoptera.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frederikse, A. M., 1924. “Rudimentary Parthenogenesis in Tenebrio molitor L,” Journ. Genetics, 14, No. 1, 93–100.Google Scholar
Ganglbauer, L., 1892–1899. Die Käfer von Mittleleuropa, I-III, Wien.Google Scholar
Germar, E. F., 1824. Insectorum Species Novæ, 1, 414, Halae.Google Scholar
Graham, S. A., 1922. “A Study of the Wing Venation of the Coleoptera,” Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 15, 191–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandi, G., 1913. “Un nuovo caso di partenogenesi ciclica irregolare fra i Coleotteri,” Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agrar. Portici, 7, 17–18.Google Scholar
Grouvelle, , 1918. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 24, 41, 45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guyenot, E., 1917. “Recherches expérimentales sur la vie aseptique et le developpement d'un organisms (Drosophila ampelophila), Bull. Biol. France et Belgique, 51, 61.Google Scholar
Harrison, J. W. H., 1916. “Studies in Hybrid Bistoninæ,” Journ. Genetics, 6, No. 2, 95–161.Google Scholar
Hauber, U. A., 1925. “An Analysis by Selection and Crossing of Genetic Factors involved in Defective Venation, a variable character of the Parasitic Wasp Habrobracon juglandis (Ashmead),” Genetics, 10, 91–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hesse, R., 1924. Tiergeographie, pp. 404, 525, 555–556.Google Scholar
Hicks, J. B., 1857. “Further Remarks on the Organs found on the Bases of the Halteres and Wings of Insects,” Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 22, pt. 2, pp. 141–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, A., 1925. “Vertikale Verbreitung der Caraben,” Ent. Anz. Vienna, 5, 57–60.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A. D., 1909. “The Genus Dendroctonus,” U. S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Series, No. 17, pt. 1.Google Scholar
Horn, W., 1901. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 15.Google Scholar
Horn, W., 1907. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 464.Google Scholar
Horn, W., 1922. “Studien über neue und alte Cicindelinen” (Col.), Zool. Mended. Leiden, 7, 100–101.Google Scholar
Jackson, D. J., 1920–1922. “Bionomics of Weevils of the Genus Sitones injurious to Leguminous Crops in Britain,” Ann. App. Biology, 7, 269–298; 9, 93–115.Google Scholar
Jackson, D. J., 1926. “The Inheritance of Brachypterous and Macropterous Wings in Sitona hispidula,” Nature, 118, 192–193.Google Scholar
Jeannel, R., 1911. “Revision des Bathysciinæ,” Arch, de Zool. Exp., 5e série, 7, 1–641.Google Scholar
Jeannel, R., 1923. “Sur l'évolution des Coléoptères aveugles,” C. R. Ac. Sc. Paris, 176, 1670–1673.Google Scholar
Jeannel, R., 1925. “L'aptérisme chez les insectes insulaires,” op. cit., 180, 1222–1224.Google Scholar
Jeannel, R., (A) 1926. “Faune Cavernicole de la France,” Encyclopédie Entomologique, 7, Paris.Google Scholar
Jeannel, R., (B) 1926. “Monographie des Trechinæ,” L'Abeille, 32, 221–550.Google Scholar
Kempers, K. J. W., 1899–1909. “Het Adersystem der Keverflugels,” Tidschr. v. Entomol., 42, 180–208; 43, 72–199; 44, 13–38; 45, 53–72 (p. 63 fox Sitona grisea F.); 51, ix–xvi; 52, 272–283.Google Scholar
Jeannel, R., 1923. “Abbildungen von Flügelgeader der Coleopteren,” Ent. Mitt. Berlin, 12, 71–115.Google Scholar
Kiesenwetter, H. V., and Seidlitz, G., 1877. Erichson's Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, 5.Google Scholar
Kolbe, H. J., 1894. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 55, 162–165.Google Scholar
Kolbe, H. J., 1921. “über Mutationen und Aberrationen deutscher und auswärtiger Coleopteren und anderer Insekten,” Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1920, pp. 386–408.Google Scholar
Korschelt, E., 1923. “Bearbeitung Einheimischer Tiere; Der Gelbrand Dytiscus marginalis,” Leipzig, 1.Google Scholar
Kraatz, G., 1858. Erichson's Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, II, Berlin.Google Scholar
Kuhne, O., 1915. “Der Tracheenverlauf im Flügel der Koleopteron nymphe,” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., 112, 692–718.Google Scholar
Lehr, R., 1914. “Die Sinnesorgane der beiden Flügelpaare von Dytiscus marginalis,'” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., 110.Google Scholar
Lutz, F. E., 1911. “Experiments with Drosophila ampelophila concerning Evolution,” Carnegie Instit. Wash. Publ., 143.Google Scholar
Marshall, G. A. K., 1916. The Fauna of British India, Coleoptera Rhynchophora, Curculionidæ, p. 13.Google Scholar
Matthews, A., 1872. Trichopterygia, London.Google Scholar
Mercier, L., 1920. “Variation dans le nombre des fibres des muscles vibrateurs longitudinaux chez Ghersodromia hirta Walk.,” C. R. Ac. Sc. Paris, 171, 933–936.Google Scholar
Mercier, L., (A) 1924. “Malformations produits chez une Mouche (Calliphora erythrocephala) par l'action des vapeurs de naphtaline; réapparition des anomalies dans une second génération élevée dans des conditions normales,” op. cit., 178, 1328–1329.Google Scholar
Mercier, L., (B) 1924. “Geomyza sabulosa Hal, microdiptère à ailes reduites,” op. cit., 179, 221–223.Google Scholar
Mercier, L., (C) 1924. “Action des vapeurs de naphtaline sur Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. étude des lésions microscopiques présentée par les individus malformés,” op. cit., 179, 1202–1205.Google Scholar
Mercier, L., 1926. “Orthogenesis des muscles vibrateurs longitudinaux du vol chez les Diptères,” op. cit., 182, 158–160.Google Scholar
Mercier, L., and Poisson, R., 1923. “Contribution à l'étude de l'atrophie des ailes et des muscles du vol chez les Forficulidæ,” op. cit., 177, 1142–1145.Google Scholar
Oertel, R., (A) 1924. “Studien über Rudimentation ausgeführt an den Flügelrudimenten der Gattung Carabus,” Zeitsch.f. Morph. u. ökologie der Tiere, 1, 38–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oertel, R., (B) 1924. “Biologische Studien über Carabus granulatus L.,” Zool. Jahrbücher Abt.f. Syst., 48, 301–366.Google Scholar
Olivier, E., 1907. Wytsman's Genera Insectorum, fasc. 53.Google Scholar
Orchymont, A. D', (A) 1921. “Aperçu de le nervation alaire des Coléoptères,” Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, 61, 256–278.Google Scholar
Orchymont, A. D', (B) 1921. “La nervation alaire des Coléoptères,” Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 89, 1–50.Google Scholar
Perkins, R. C. L., 1899. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 2, 265–270.Google Scholar
Peyerimhoff, P. de, 1906. “Considérations sur les Origines de la Fauna Souterraine,” Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 75, 223–233.Google Scholar
Poisson, R., 1924. “Contribution à l'étude des Hémiptères aquatiques,” Bull. Biol. de la France et Belgique, 58, 49–305.Google Scholar
Powell, P. B., 1904 and 1905. “The Development of Wings of Certain Beetles and some Studies of the Origin of the Wings of Insects,” Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 12, 1904, 237–243, and 13, 1905, 5–22.Google Scholar
Rabaud, E., 1922. “études sur Le Sommeil d'Hiver Pré-imaginal des Muscides,” Bull. Biol. de la France et Belgique, 56, 455–544.Google Scholar
Reitter, E., 1882–1885. Erichson's Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, 3, pt. 2, p. 131.Google Scholar
Reitter, E., 1903. “Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europäischen Coleopteren,” LII Curculionidœ, 9 Theil, “Genus Sitona Germ. and Mesagroicus Schönh.”Google Scholar
Roberts, E., 1918. “Fluctuations in a Recessive Mendelian Character and Selection,” Journ. Exp. Zool., 27, 158–192.Google Scholar
Rousseau, E., 1905. Wytsman's Genera Insectorum, fasc. 38.Google Scholar
Schaum, H., 1860. Erichson's Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, I Coleoptera.Google Scholar
Schoenherr, C. J., 1834. Genera et Species Curculionidum, 2, pt. 1, p. 123, Paris.Google Scholar
Schulze, P., 1912. “Die Flügelrudimente der Gattung Carabus,” Zool. Anz., 40, 193.Google Scholar
Scott, H., 1908. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 3, pt. 5, p. 508.Google Scholar
Scott, H., 1912. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2 (Zool.), 15, 215–261.Google Scholar
Scott, H., 1913. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2, 16, 196–214.Google Scholar
Scott, H., 1917. “Corylophidæ (Coleoptera) from the Seychelles and Rangoon,” Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 19, 1–32.Google Scholar
Scott, H., 1926. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 19, pt. 1, pp. 1–41.Google Scholar
Seidlitz, G., 1877. Erichson's Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, 5, pt. 2.Google Scholar
Sharp, D., 1882. “On Aquatic Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscidæ,” Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc., Ser. 2, 2, 243–537.Google Scholar
Sharp, D., (A) 1913. Ent., 46, 82–87.Google Scholar
Sharp, D., (B) 1913. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 3, pt. 3, “Coleoptera Caraboidea,” p. 177.Google Scholar
Sharp, D., 1916. “Studies in Helophorini,” Ent. Mo. Mag., 52, 164–200.Google Scholar
Sharp, D., 1918. “Studies in Rhynchophora,” Ent. Mo. Mag., 54, 1–7.Google Scholar
Sharp, D., and Champion, G. C., 1889–1911. Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta Coleoptera, 4, pt. 3.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, R. E., 1909. “The Thorax of Insects and the Articulation of the Wings,” Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36, 511–595.Google Scholar
Sopotzko, A. A., 1916. Rev. App. Ent. A., 4, 293.Google Scholar
Spessivtseff, P., 1923. “Bidrag till Kännedomen om Bruna öronvivelns (Otiorrhynchus ovatus L.) Morfologi och Biologi,” Meddelanden Fran Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt, Hafte 20, Nr. 3, Stockholm, pp. 241–260, 10 figs.Google Scholar
Stellwaag, F., 1914. “Der Flugapparat der Lamellicornier,” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., 108, 359–429.Google Scholar
Stephens, J. F., 1831. Illustrations of British Entomology, 4, 132–141.Google Scholar
Tomlin, B., and Sopp, E. J. B., 1901. Ent. Record, 13, 342–345.Google Scholar
Tower, W. L., 1903. “Origin and Development of the Wings of Coleoptera,” Zool. Jahrbücher Jena, 17, 517–572.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B. P., 1914. Rev. App. Ent. A., 3, 47.Google Scholar
Webster, F. M., 1915. “Alfalfa attacked by the Clover Root Curculio,” U. S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull, 649, 1–8.Google Scholar
Weise, J., 1882–1888. Erichson's Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, 6.Google Scholar
Whiting, P. W., 1926. “Two Wing Mutations in Habrobracon and their Method of Inheritance,” Amer. Nat., 60, 443–454.Google Scholar
Wildermuth, V. L., 1910. “The Clover-root Curculio (Sitones hispidulus Fab.),” V. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Ent. Bull, 85, pt. 3, pp. 29–38.Google Scholar
Wollaston, T. Vernon, 1854. Insecta Maderensia.Google Scholar
Zulueta, A. de, 1925. “La Herencia ligada al sexo en el Coléoptero Phytodecta variabilis, 01.,” EOS. Revista Espanola de Entomologia, Madrid.Google Scholar