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Prospect of Intraosseous Access Technology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2023

Runheng Wang  and
Bo Qu
Runheng Wang
Affiliation:
Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
Bo Qu*
Affiliation:
Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
*
Corresponding author: Bo Qu; Email: doctor_qb@tju.edu.cn
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Abstract

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Type
Letter to the Editor
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 17 , 2023 , e470
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health

At the disaster site, traumatic hemorrhagic shock is the most common acute and critical illness. Prehospital first aid is an important means to ensure the timely admission of traumatic shock victims. Scientific prehospital first aid can effectively shorten the preparation time of the injured for admission, buy more time for doctors to treat the injured, and greatly improve the survival rate of the injured. The key to the success of the treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock is whether the infusion pathway can be established in time. To quickly establish an infusion channel for the injured with traumatic shock such as peripheral vein contraction and collapse and serious limb damage, it has become an important first-aid technology in the modern emergency medical system to establish an effective fluid resuscitation channel through the establishment of intraosseous access (IO). Reference Gaarside, Prescott and Shaw1

The bone marrow cavity is called the “never collapsing vein.” There are many highly differentiated microvenous networks, which can quickly absorb a large amount of liquid and drugs, flow into the central bone vein channel through the medullary venous sinus, and quickly transfer to the systemic circulation. IO is a method to deliver blood, fluids, and medications directly into the marrow of the bone. Reference Szydlowski, Nolte and Vershilovsky2 At present, the widely used bone marrow cavity injection devices mainly include bone marrow puncture needles and corresponding equipment, and their mechanisms of action are mostly similar. There are 3 representative first-aid tools for bone marrow cavity infusion: First Access for Shock and Trauma (FAST), Bone Injection Gun (BIG), and EZ-IO. Reference Drozd, Wolska and Szarpak3

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the technology of IO in disaster site based on artificial intelligence is proposed to better solve the problem of intravenous catheter infusion. The application of various rescue robots and medical robots can provide a reliable idea for the automation of IO. The intraosseous access devices are small in size, light in weight, and easy to carry. They can be loaded into various rescue robots to achieve unmanned rescue in a narrow space at the disaster site.

References

Gaarside, J, Prescott, S, Shaw, S. Intraosseous vascular access in critically ill adults - a review of the literature. Nurs Crit Care. 2016;21(3):167-177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szydlowski, B, Nolte, J, Vershilovsky, E. Recent advances in intraosseous vascular access. Curr Emerg Hospital Med Rep. 2021;9:82-88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drozd, A, Wolska, M, Szarpak, L. Intraosseous vascular access in emergency and trauma settings: a comparison of the most universally used intraosseous devices. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2021;18(9):855-864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed