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Quelle théorie de la justice pour l’épigénétique?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2015

CAROLINE GUIBET LAFAYE
CAROLINE GUIBET LAFAYE*
Affiliation:
Centre Maurice Halbwachs, CNRS (Paris)
*
*<caroline.guibetlafaye@ens.fr>
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Abstract

Epigenetics reveals the biological mechanisms underlying the reproduction and even the transmission of social inequalities in health. It also emphasizes the complexity of factors involved in the development of some diseases. This complexity raises new difficulties for theories of justice. Is the equal opportunities theory the most appropriate to solve these difficulties? I demonstrate that epigenetics requires a multifactor model of justice—one that is grounded on principles of fairness, impartiality, and environmental and intergenerational justice. Depending on the point of view assumed (i.e., individual, population-based, or intergenerational), the relevant principle of justice is different.

L’épigénétique dévoile les mécanismes biologiques sous-jacents à la reproduction, voire à la transmission des inégalités sociales de santé, et souligne la complexité des facteurs intervenant dans le développement de certaines pathologies. Cette complexité semble poser des difficultés inédites aux théories de la justice. Nous dessinons les contours d’une «justice épigénétique» en appréhendant d’abord les questions que l’épigénétique pose aux théories de la justice distributive. Le modèle de l’égalité des chances est-il le plus approprié pour saisir ces questions? Nous montrons que l’épigénétique ne peut être pensée qu’à partir d’un modèle de justice plurifactoriel. Selon la perspective adoptée (individuelle, populationnelle, intergénérationnelle), le principe de justice pertinent est distinct.

Type
Articles
Information
Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review / Revue canadienne de philosophie , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 489 - 517
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Philosophical Association 2015 

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