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Macedonian Historiography: The Question of Identity and Politics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2023

Petar Todorov*
Affiliation:
Institute of National History, Skopje, North Macedonia

Abstract

Historians are playing an important role in Macedonian society. Their understanding of history and their focus of research interest revolves around the national identity of Macedonians and differentiating them from Others. In recent decades, the political debates in the Republic of (North) Macedonia and its relations with Bulgaria and Greece have had important impact on historiographic production and the new (revisionist) interpretations of the past. History has become an essential element in contemporary politics that is key for framing the national identity of the Macedonians. In this new political context historians are even more engaged in political campaigns and debates, thus making them and their historiographical work one of the sources for symbolic division in the country.

Type
Forum
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

1 The author of this article has been a member of the Multidisciplinary Expert Commission for Historical and Educational Issues between North Macedonia and Bulgaria since its foundation in 2018.

2 Noteworthy articles are: Brunnbauer, Ulf, ‘Serving the Nation: Historiography in the Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) after Socialism’, Historien 4 (2003–4): 161–82Google Scholar; Pichler, Robert, ‘Historiography and the Politics of Education in the Republic of Macedonia (1991–2008)’, in ‘Transition’ and the Politics of History Education in Southeastern Europe, ed. Dimou, Augusta (Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2009), 217–49Google Scholar; Stefoska, Irena, ‘Nation, Education and Historiographic Narratives: The Case of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (1994–1990)’, in The Ambiguous Nation: Case Studies from Southeastern Europe in the 20th Century, eds. Brunnbauer, Ulf and Grandits, Hannes (Munich: Oldenbourg, 2013), 195229Google Scholar.

3 The abbreviation VMRO refers to the historical organisation (Vnatrešna makedonska revolicionerna organizacija) or IMRO (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation).

4 Nikola Gruevski is a Macedonian politician who was president of the VMRO-DPMNE from 2003 to 2017 and prime minister of the Macedonian government from 2006 to 2016. In 2016–17 he was accused of corruption, abuse of power and ordering illegal wiretapping. In 2018 Gruevski escaped to Hungary, where he asked for political asylum.

5 The BDI/DUI was founded in 2002 by Ali Ahmeti, the former political leader of the KLA in the Republic of Macedonia.

6 Irena Stefoska, ‘Greek Gifts: Archaeophilia, Ochlocracy and Monochromatism in Contemporary Macedonia.’ Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington DC, 10 Mar. 2010; Proeva, Nade, ‘Nacionalnite mitovi vo sovremena Evropa i negiranjeto na makedonskiot identitet’, Slavia Meridionalis 12 (2012): 107–58Google Scholar.

7 In 2005 the government of the Republic of Macedonia recognised Tetovo University with Albanian as the language of instruction. At the Faculty of Philosophy there is a Department of History where a small community of Albanian historians exist. In 2008 the Institute of Spiritual and Cultural Heritage of Albanians was opened in Skopje. Among other things, there are an important number of historians dealing with Albanian history in the Balkans.

8 See: http://periodica.fzf.ukim.edu.mk/mhr/issues.html (last visited 1 September 2023).

9 Todorov, Petar, ‘Istorija u Makedoniji: nauka, političko pitanje ili pitanje identiteta?’, in Ogledi o historiografiji i nacionalizmu u Jugoistočnoj Evropi, ed. Duranović, Amir (Sarajevo: UMHIS, 2019), 129–40Google Scholar.

10 For example, see Apostolski, Mihailo, ed., Istorija na makedonskiot narod, 3 vols. (Skopje: Institut za nacionalna istorija, 1969)Google Scholar.

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14 Stefoska and Stojanov, ‘A Tale’, 356–9.

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18 The original name of the revolutionary organisation was the Secret Macedonian-Odrin Revolutionary Organisation, renamed the Internal Macedonian-Odrin Revolutionary Organisation in 1906 and re-established in 1918 under the name Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation. Today, two political parties in North Macedonia and Bulgaria are using the same abbreviation for their name – VMRO-DPMNE in North Macedonia and VMRO-BND in Bulgaria.

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22 In the larger context of the implementation of the Project Skopje 2014, the government, supported by the local authorities in Skopje, eradicated several monuments at different locations in the capital city.

23 All of these personalities were active participants in the formation of the Macedonian Republic as part of the Yugoslav Federation in 1944–5.

24 A noteworthy example is Metodija Andonov Čento, the president of the Presidium of ASNOM (Antifascist Assembly of the People's Liberation of Macedonia). In 1946 he was sentenced to 11 years in prison under false charges. In 1990 the Supreme Court in Skopje re-tried him and posthumously found him innocent of the charges. Marjan Dimitrijevski et al., Metodija Andonov – Čento: dokumenti i materijali (Skopje: Državen arhiv na Republika Makedonija, 2002).

25 Ačkoska, Violeta, Zadolžitelniot otkup vo Makedonija 1945–1953 (Skopje: Institut za nacionalna istorija, 1995)Google Scholar; Ačkoska, Violeta, Agrarno-sopstveničkite odnosi, promeni i procesi vo Makedonija 1944–1953 (Skopje: Institut za nacionalna istorija, 1998)Google Scholar.

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27 Popovski, Vlado et al., Sozdavanjeto na sovremenata makedonska država (Skopje: Makedonska reč, 2014), 129–30Google Scholar.

28 Todorov, Petar, ‘Socijalistička Jugoslavija u produkciji poslednjih dokumentarnih filmova u Makedoniji’, in Reprezentacija Socijalisticke Jugoslavije: preispitivanja i perspective, eds. Grandits, Hannes, Ivanovic, Vladimir and Jankovic, Branimir (Sarajevo: UMHIS/Srednja Europa, 2019), 153–62Google Scholar.

29 For the history of the political and historiographical dispute between Macedonia and Bulgaria see Marinov, Tchavdar, La Question Macédonienne de 1944 à nos jours: Communisme et nationalisme dans les Balkans (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2010)Google Scholar.)

30 ed., Stalin Lozanovski, Goce Delčev vo kolektivnata memorija na makedonskiot narod (Skopje: Socijalistička partija na Makedonija, 2020)Google Scholar; see: https://360stepeni.mk/video-pretsedatelkata-na-sovetot-na-ini-govoreshe-na-protestot-na-vmro-dpmne-nametnuvane-istoriski-vistini-e-vo-tselosna-sprotivnost-so-bazichnite-vrednosti-na-evropskite-demokratii/ (last visited 23 July 2023).

31 Ačkoska, ‘Segašnosta’, 26, 35; Ačkoska, Violeta, ‘Istorijata kako potreba – pomegju minatoto i segašnosta’, Godišen zbornik na Filozofskiot fakultet 61 (2008): 226, 229–30Google Scholar.

32 Bliznakovski, Jovan and Todorov, Petar, Nie nasproti drugite: simbolički podelbi vo Severna Makedonija (Skopje: CINIK, 2020)Google Scholar.