¹ The only exceptionally good treatment of the colonial Chiriguanos is that by Saignes, Thierry. See his “Une frontière fossile: la Cordillère Chiriguano aux XIII siècle,” 3. Cycle Doctorate, Ecole des Hautes Etudes (Paris), 1974Google Scholar. A good summary of much of his dissertation is contained in “Jésuites et franciscains face aux Chiriguano: les amgibuités de la réduction missionnaire,” Eglise et polilique en Amérique hispanique (16e a 18e siècles). Elements pour un debat (Bordeaux, 1984), 133–59.Google Scholar

² See Gibson, Charles, The Aztecs under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810 (Stanford, 1964), passim.Google Scholar

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⁴ A useful, if somewhat dated, summary of Chiriguano political organization and history iscontained in Métraux, Alfred, “Chiriguano and Chané,” Handbook of South American Indians, Steward, Julian, ed. (Washington, D.C., 1948), III, 465–85Google Scholar. For a detailed treatment of Viceroy Toledo's failed expedition, see Justiniano, Guillermo Pinckert, La guerra chiriguana (Santa Cruz, 1978).Google Scholar

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¹⁰ See, for example, Ercole, Alejandro, O.F.M., Reglamenlo de misiones de infieles en el territorio de Bolivia (Sucre, 1871). Article 27, for example, reads: “The missionaries [Padres Conversores], with the consent of the Mission Prefect, will attempt through all possible means the assimilation of the customs of the neophytes to the other Christians of the Republic” (p. 23).Google Scholar

¹¹ For the anticlericalism of the early republican regimes in Bolivia, consult Lofstrom, William L., The Promise and Problem of Reform: Attempted Social and Economic Change in the First Years of Bolivian Independence (Ithaca, 1972).Google Scholar

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¹³ Ibid. Also see Bratislava Susnik, Chiriguanos, I (Asunción, 1968).

¹⁴ See Nino, Bernardino de, O.F.M., Las tres misiones secularizadas de la Provincia de Cordillera (Tarata, 1916).Google Scholar

¹⁵ Humboldt, Alexander von, Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, Black, John, trans. (London, 1811)Google Scholar. The fiscal weakness of the nineteenth-century Bolivian state is especially apparent in its great reliance on Indian tribute for revenue. See Albomoz, Nicolas Sánchez, Indios y tributos en el Alto Perú (Lima, 1978), 187–218.Google Scholar

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