Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-13T03:52:22.834Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Three Dimensional PET/MRI Images in OCD and Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Abstract

Functional brain-imaging studies have suggested an opposite pattern of brain activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia. Patients with OCD have higher than normal activity in the frontal lobe and caudate nucleus while patients with schizophrenia have lower than normal activity in these areas. Changes in the nature of the connections between the executive and impulse control regions of the frontal lobe and the basal ganglia might be involved in both illnesses. These findings are statistical in nature and involve structures of complex three-dimensional shapes. New technology for studying the function of these structures may be useful in exploring the relation of each structure to symptoms of specific disorders. This technology may also enable identification of anatomical and functional causes of individual differences in medication response.

Type
Feature Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Baxter, LR, Phelps, ME, Mazziotla, JC, Guze, BH, Schwartz, JM, Selin, CE. Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obessesive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44:211218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Baxter, LR, Schwartz, JM, Mazziotta, JC, et al.Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in normal human females vs normal males. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145:15601563.Google Scholar
3.Baxter, LR, Jeffrey, MS, Phelps, ME, et al.Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:243250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Nordahl, TE, Benkelfat, C, Semple, WE, et al.Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1989;2:2328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Swedo, SE, Schapiro, MB, Grady, CL, et al.Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:518523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Rauch, SL, Jenike, MA, Alpert, NM, et al.Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symtom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen-15 labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography, Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:6270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Brody, AL, Saxena, S. Brain imaging in obsessive-compulsive disordeer: evidence for the involvement of frontal-subcortical circuitry in the mediation of symtomatology. CNS Spectrums. 1996;1:2741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Buchsbaum, MS, Ingvar, DH, Kessler, R, et al.Cerebral glucography with positron tomography: use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:251259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Farkas, T, Wolf, AP, Jaeger, J, Brodie, JD, Christman, DR, Fowler, JS. Regional brain glucose metabolism in chronic schizophrenia: a positron emission transaxial tomographic study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:293300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Williamson, P. Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: areview of the evidence. Can J Psychiatry. 1987;32:399404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Buchsbaum, MS. The frontal lobes, basal ganglia, and temporal lobes as sites for schizophrenia. Schiz Bul. 1990;16:377387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Andreasen, NC, Rezai, K, Alliger, R, et al.Hypofrontality in neuroleptic-naive patients and in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:943958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Chua, SE, McKenna, PJ. Schizophrenia—a brain disease? A critical review of structural and functional cerebral abnormality in the disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;166:563582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Buchsbaum, MS, Hazlett, EA. Positron emission tomography studies of abnormal glucose metabolism in schizophrenia. Schiz Bull. In press.Google Scholar
15.Kato, T, Shioiri, T, Murashita, J, Hamakawa, H, Inubushi, T, Takahashi, S. Lateralized abnormality of high-energy phosphate and bilateral reduction of phosphomonoester measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobes in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 1995;61:151160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Pettegrew, JW, Keshavan, MS, Panchalingam, K, et al.Alterations in brain high-energy phosphate and membrane phospholipid metabolism in first episode, drug-naive schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:563568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Williamson, P, Drost, D, Stanley, J, Carr, T, Morrison, S, Merskey, H. Localized phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance specttroscopy in chronic schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:578.Google Scholar
18.Shioiri, T, Kato, T, Inubushi, T, Murashita, J, Takahashi, S. Correlations of phosphomonoesters measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the frontal lobes and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 1994;55:223235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Hawton, K, Shepstone, B, Soper, N, Reznek, L. Single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156:425427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Rubin, P, Holm, S, Madsen, PL, et al.Regional cerebral blood flow distribution in newly diagnosed schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1994;53:5775CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Vita, A, Bressi, S, Perani, D, et al.High-resolution SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in drug-free and drug-naive schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:876882.Google ScholarPubMed
22.LaPlane, D, Levasseur, M, Pillon, B, et al.Obsessive-compulsive and other behavioural changes with bilateral basal ganglia lesions. Brain. 1989;11:699725,.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Zald, DH, Kim, SW. Anatomy and function of the orbital frontal cortex, I: Anatomy, neurocircuitry, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1996;8:125138.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Benkelfat, C, Nordahl, TE, Semple, WE, King, C, Murphy, DL, Cohen, RM. Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients treated with clomipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47:840848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Buchsbaum, MS, Potkin, SG, Siegel, BV, et al.Straital metabolic rate and clinical response to neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49:966974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar