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Swelling Properties of Microbially Reduced Ferruginous Smectite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

W. P. Gates ,
H. T. Wilkinson  and
J. W. Stucki
W. P. Gates
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
H. T. Wilkinson
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
J. W. Stucki*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
*
1Graduate Research Assistant, Associate Professor of Soil Ecology, and Professor of Soil Physical Chemistry, respectively, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
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Abstract

Structural Fe in ferruginous smectite (sample SWa-1, Source Clays Repository of the Clay Minerals Society) was reduced by a mixture of five Pseudomonas species of bacteria in a defined Fe-free medium to determine the effect of microbial reduction on clay swelling. Iron(II), total Fe, and gravimetric water content (mw/mc) were determined in clay gels equilibrated at applied pressures of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 MPa. The water content of microbially reduced SWa-1 decreased at all three applied pressures as the Fe(II) content approached about 0.8 mmol Fe(II)/g-clay. As Fe(II) increased from 0.8 mmol/g-clay, however, further change in mw/mc was negligible. Concurrent with microbial reduction of structural Fe was a significant decrease in the swelling pressure (PI) of SWa-1: for example, when mw/mc = 1.2 (g/g), PI changed from 0.47 MPa at Fe(II) = 0.2, to 0.19 MPa at Fe(II) = 0.9 mmol/g-clay. Both biologically and chemically reduced smectites displayed lower values of mw/mc and a concurrent decrease in II as Fe(II) content increased, but the effect of Fe(II) on mw/mc was greater for the microbially reduced smectites at all applied pressures.

Keywords

DithioniteMicroorganismPseudomonas
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , June 1993 , pp. 360 - 364
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

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