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Preparation and Properties of Reduced-Charge Smectites — A Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Peter Komadel ,
Jana Madejová  and
Juraj Bujdák
Peter Komadel*
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
Jana Madejová
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
Juraj Bujdák
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: uachkomp@savba.sk
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Abstract

Layer charge reduction of selected homoionic swelling clay minerals upon heating is reviewed. This phenomenon is known for Li+-montmorillonites as the Hofmann-Klemen effect. Aspects covered in the review include: mechanism of the charge reduction caused by the irreversible migration of small cations into the mineral layers; final sites of the fixed cations in the octahedral and/or tetrahedral sheets, as deduced on the basis of structural and spectroscopic data obtained in several studies; effects of octahedral and tetrahedral components of the layer charge; properties of the exchangeable cations; and the chemistry and structure of the mineral on charge reduction. Current knowledge has been summarized on the changes of various mineral properties connected with charge reduction, including the loss of swelling and the decrease in the cation exchange capacity, the most important change upon cation fixation. Also discussed are the preparation, properties, and advantages of uses of series of reduced-charge montmorillonites (RCMs) in research; interactions of RCMs with alkylammonium cations and organic cationic dyes, with some examples on the interactions with organic polymers and other organic compounds. Properties of organo-complexes and composite materials prepared from RCMs are also included in this review.

Keywords

Hoffman-Klemen effectReduced-charge SmectitesSwelling Clays
Type
Review Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 4 , August 2005 , pp. 313 - 334
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2005

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