Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T08:46:11.418Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prediction of swelling characteristics of compacted GMZ bentonite in salt solution incorporating ion-exchange reactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Guosheng Xiang ,
Yongfu Xu ,
Feng Yu ,
Yuan Fang  and
Yi Wang
Guosheng Xiang
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
Yongfu Xu
Affiliation:
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
Feng Yu*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China
Yuan Fang
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China
Yi Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: 250506797@qq.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Salt solutions have complex effects on the swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite; these effects are caused by the inhibitory action of salinity and the ion-exchange reaction between the solution and bentonite. In order to characterize the swelling properties of compacted bentonite in a salt solution, swelling deformation tests were carried out for Gao-Miao-Zi (GMZ) bentonite specimens in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions. Swelling characteristics decreased with increasing salt concentration. Swelling strains in NaCl solution were larger than those in CaCl2 solution, even though the ionic concentration of 1.0 mol/L (M) NaCl solution is larger than that of 0.5 M CaCl2. According to the exchangeable cations tests, cation exchange was different for specimens immersed in different salt solutions. The swelling fractal model was used to predict the swelling strains of compacted bentonite in a concentrated salt solution. In this model, the effective stress incorporating osmotic suction was applied to take the effect of salinity into consideration, and the swelling coefficient, K, was employed to describe the swelling properties affected by the variation in exchangeable cations. In the model, fractal dimension was measured by nitrogen adsorption, and the salt solution had little effect on fractal dimension. K was estimated by the diffuse double layer (DDL) model for osmotic swelling in distilled water. Comparison of fractal model estimations with experimental data demonstrated that the new model performed well in predicting swelling characteristics affected by a salt solution.

Keywords

BentoniteFractal ModelIon-exchange ReactionSalt SolutionSwelling Characteristics
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , 15 April 2019 , pp. 163 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Åkesson, M., Jacinto, A. C., Gatabin, C., Sanchez, M., & Ledesma, A. (2009). Bentonite THM behaviour at high temperatures: Experimental and numerical analysis. Geotechnique, 59, 307–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASTM. (2010). Standard test method for measuring the exchange complex and cation exchange capacity of inorganic fine-grained soils. ASTM D7503–D7510.Google Scholar
Avnir, D., & Jaroniec, M. (1989). An isotherm equation for adsorption on fractal surfaces of heterogeneous porous materials. Langmuir, 5, 1431–1433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birgersson, M. (2017). A general framework for ion equilibrium calculations in compacted bentonite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 200, 186–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolt, G. H. (1956). Physico-chemical analysis of the compressibility of pure clays. Géotechnique, 6, 86–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cadene, A., Durand-Vidal, S., Turq, P., & Brendle, J. (2005). Study of individual Na-montmorillonite particles size, morphology, and apparent charge. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 285, 719–730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casimir, H. B. C., & Polder, D. (1948). The influence of retardation of the London–van der Waals forces. Physical Review, 73, 360–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celis, R., Cornejo, J., & Hermosin, M. C. (1998). Textural properties of synthetic clay-ferrihydrite associations. Clay Minerals, 33, 395–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y. G., Cui, Y. J., Tang, A. M., Wang, Q., & Ye, W. M. (2014). A preliminary study on hydraulic resistance of bentonite/host-rock seal interface. Géotechnique, 64, 997–1002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y. G., Zhu, C. M., Ye, W. M., Cui, Y. J., & Chen, B. (2016). Effects of solution concentration and vertical stress on the swelling behavior of compacted GMZ01 bentonite. Applied Clay Science, 124, 11–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dohrmann, R., Kaufhold, S., & Lundqvist, B. (2013). The role of clays for safe storage of nuclear waste. Pp. 677–710 in: Handbook of Clay Science, Techniques and Applications (Bergaya, F. and Lagaly, G., editors). Developments in Clay Science, Vol. 5B, Elsevier, Amsterdam.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrage, E. (2016). Investigation of the interlayer organization of water and ions in smectite from the combined use of diffraction experiments and molecular simulations. A review of methodology, applications, and perspectives. Clays and Clay Minerals, 64, 348–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrage, E., Lanson, B., Sakharov, B. A., Geoffroy, N., Jacquot, E., & Drits, V. A. (2007). Investigation of dioctahedral smectite hydration properties by modeling of X-ray diffraction profiles: Influence of layer charge and charge location. American Mineralogist, 92, 1731–1743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmboe, M., Wold, S., & Jonsson, M. (2010). Colloid diffusion in compacted bentonite: Microstructural constraints. Clays and Clay Minerals, 58, 532–541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwata, S., Tabuchi, T., & Warkentin, B. P. (1988). Soil–water interactions (pp. 131–166). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc..Google Scholar
Karnland, O., Olsson, S., Nilsson, U., & Sellin, P. (2007). Experimentally determined swelling pressures and geochemical interactions of compacted Wyoming bentonite with highly alkaline solutions. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C, 32, 275–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufhold, S., & Dohrmann, R. (2016). Distinguishing between more and less suitable bentonites for high-level radioactive waste. Clay Minerals, 51, 289–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, L. (2013). Prediction of swelling pressures of different types of bentonite in dilute solutions. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 434, 303–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, L., & Neretnieks, I. (2008). Homo-interaction between parallel plates at constant charge. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 317, 636–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, S. M., & Shivananda, P. (2005). Role of osmotic suction in swelling of salt-amended clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42, 307–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, S. M., & Thyagaraj, T. (2007). Swell–compression behaviour of compacted clays under chemical gradient. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 44, 520–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saiyouri, N., Tessier, D., & Hicher, P. Y. (2004). Experimental study of swelling in unsaturated compacted clays. Clay Minerals, 39, 469–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schramm, L. L., & Kwak, J. C. T. (1982a). Influence of exchangeable cation composition on the size and shape of montmorillonite particles in dilute suspension [J]. American Journal of Hypertension, 12(4), 41.Google Scholar
Schramm, L. L., & Kwak, J. C. T. (1982b). Influence of exchangeable cation composition on the size and shape of montmorillonite particles in dilute suspension. Clays and Clay Minerals, 30, 40–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segad, M., Bo, J., & Cabane, B. (2012a). Tactoid formation in montmorillonite. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116, 25425–25433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segad, M., Hanski, S., Olsson, U., Ruokolainen, J., Åkesson, T., & Bo, J. (2012b). Microstructural and swelling properties of ca and na montmorillonite: (in situ) observations with Cryo-TEM and SAXS. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116, 7596–7601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellin, P., & Leupin, O. (2013). The use of clay as an engineered barrier in radioactive waste management – A review. Clays and Clay Minerals, 61, 477–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddiqua, S. S., Blatz, J. B., & Siemens, G. S. (2011). Evaluation of the impact of pore fluid chemistry on the hydro-mechanical behavior of clay based sealing materials. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48, 199–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, D. A., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. R., & Zhang, L. (2013). Swelling characteristics of GMZ bentonite and its mixtures with sand. Applied Clay Science, 83, 224–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, D. A., Zhang, L., Li, J., & Zhang, B. C. (2015). Evaluation and prediction of the swelling pressures of GMZ bentonites saturated with saline solution. Applied Clay Science, 105, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripathy, S., Sridharan, A., & Schanz, T. (2004). Swelling pressures of compacted bentonites from diffuse double layer t. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41, 437–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villar, M. V. (2006). Infiltration tests on a granite/bentonite mixture: Influence of water salinity. Applied Clay Science, 31, 96–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villar, M. V., Martín, P. L., Romero, F. J., Iglesias, R. J., & Gutiérrez-Rodrigo, V. (2016). Saturation of barrier materials under thermal gradient. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 8, 38–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiang, G. S., Xu, Y. F., & Jiang, H. (2014). Surface fractal dimension of bentonite and its application in calculation of swelling deformation. Surface Review and Letters, 21, 1450074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiang, G. S., Xu, Y. F., Xie, S. H., & Fang, Y. (2016). A simple method for testing the fractal dimension of compacted bentonite immersed in salt solution. Surface Review and Letters, 24, 1750040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y. (2018). Fractal model for the correlation relating total suction to water content of bentonites. Fractals, 26, 1850028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y. F., Matsuoka, H., & Sun, D. A. (2003) Swelling characteristics of fractal-textured bentonite and its mixtures. Applied Clay Science, 22(4), 197–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y., Xiang, G., Jiang, H., Chen, T., & Chu, F. (2014). Role of osmotic suction in volume change of clays in salt solution. Applied Clay Science, 101, 354–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, W. M., Zhang, F., Chen, B., Chen, Y. G., Wang, Q., & Cui, Y. J. (2014). Effects of salt solutions on the hydro-mechanical behavior of compacted GMZ01 bentonite. Environmental Earth Sciences, 72, 2621–2630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, W. M., Zhu, C. M., Chen, Y. G., Chen, B., Cui, Y. J., & Wang, J. (2015). Influence of salt solutions on the swelling behavior of the compacted GMZ01 bentonite. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74, 793–802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yong, R. N. (1999). Soil suction and soil-water potentials in swelling clays in engineered clay barriers. Engineering Geology, 54, 3–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, L., Rutqvist, J., Birkholzer, J. T., & Liu, H. H. (2015). On the impact of temperatures up to, 200°C in clay repositories with bentonite engineer barrier systems: A study with coupled thermal, hydrological, chemical, and mechanical modeling. Engineering Geology, 197, 278–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar