Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-26T04:00:10.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of the Outer Surface Layers of Crystals on the X-Ray Diffraction Intensity of Basal Reflections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Boris A. Sakharov ,
Alain Plançon ,
Bruno Lanson  and
Victor A. Drits
Boris A. Sakharov
Affiliation:
Geological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Pyzhevsky Street, 119017 Moscow, Russia
Alain Plançon
Affiliation:
Crystallography Laboratory, ISTO, University of Orléans — CNRS, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
Bruno Lanson*
Affiliation:
Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT — Maison des GéoSciences, CNRS — University of Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
Victor A. Drits
Affiliation:
Geological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Pyzhevsky Street, 119017 Moscow, Russia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: bruno.lanson@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study presents a mathematical formalism describing diffraction effects from periodic and mixed-layer minerals in which the outer surface layers of crystals possibly differ from layers forming the core of the crystals. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns calculated for structure models of chlorite and irregular chlorite-smectites terminated on both sides of the crystals by either brucite-like sheets or 2:1 layers show the strong influence that different outer surface layers have on the distribution of basal reflection intensities. Simulation of the experimental XRD patterns from two chlorite samples having different Fe contents shows that in these two samples the chlorite crystals were terminated by brucite-like sheets on both sides. In contrast, crystals in a corrensite sample were terminated by water molecules and exchangeable cations. The nature of diffraction effects due to outer surface layers is discussed.

Keywords

Basal ReflectionsBrucite SheetsChloriteCorrensiteMixed-layer StructuresOuter Surface LayersXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 52 , Issue 6 , December 2004 , pp. 680 - 692
Copyright
Copyright © 2004, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Claret, F. Bauer, A. Schafer, T. Griffault, L. and Lanson, B., (2002) Experimental investigation of the interaction of clays with high-pH solutions: A case study from the Callovo-Oxfordian formation, Meuse-Haute Marne underground laboratory (France) Clays and Clay Minerals 50 633–646 10.1346/000986002320679369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claret, F. Sakharov, B.A. Drits, V.A. Velde, B. Meunier, A. Griffault, L. and Lanson, B., (2004) Clay minerals in the Meuse-Haute Marne underground laboratory (France): Possible influence of organic matter on clay mineral evolution? Clays and Clay Minerals 52 515–532 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A. and Sakharov, B.A., (1976) X-ray Structure Analysis of Interstratified Minerals Moscow Nauka 256 pp. (in Russian).Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. and Smoliar-Zvyagina, B.B., (1992) Relations between unit-cell parameters and cation composition of sheet silicates. II. Trioctahedral chlorites Geologica Carpathica — Clays 1 35–40.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. and Tchoubar, C., (1990) X-ray Diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures Berlin Springer Verlag 10.1007/978-3-642-74802-8 371 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A. Kameneva, M.Y.u. Sakharov, B.A. Dainyak, L.G. Tsipursky, S.I. Smoliar-Zvyagina, B.B. Bookin, A.S. and Salyn, A.L., (1993) Problems of Determination of the Actual Structure of Glauconites and Related Fine-dispersed Minerals Novosibirsk Nauka 200 pp. (in Russian).Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. Sakharov, B.A. Lindgreen, H. and Salyn, A.L., (1997) Sequential structure transformation of illite-smectite-vermiculite during diagenesis of Upper Jurassic shales from the North Sea and Denmark Clay Minerals 32 351–371 10.1180/claymin.1997.032.3.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A. Środoń, J. and Eberl, D.D., (1997) XRD measurement of mean crystallite thickness of illite and illite/smectite: Reappraisal of the Kübier index and the Scherrer equation Clays and Clay Minerals 45 461–475 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakinoki, J. and Komura, Y., (1952) Intensity of X-ray diffraction by one dimensionally disordered crystals. I: General derivation in the case of the ‘Reichweite’ S=0 and 1 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 7 30–35 10.1143/JPSJ.7.30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakinoki, J. and Komura, Y., (1954) Intensity of X-ray diffraction by one-dimensionally disordered crystals. The close packed structure Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 9 177–183 10.1143/JPSJ.9.177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakinoki, J. and Komura, Y., (1954) Intensity of X-ray diffraction by one dimensionally disordered crystals. II: General derivation in the case of the correlation range S= 2 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 9 169–176 10.1143/JPSJ.9.169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakinoki, J. and Komura, Y., (1965) Diffraction by a one-dimensionally disordered crystal. I: The intensity equation Acta Crystallographica 19 137–147 10.1107/S0365110X65002888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindgreen, H. Drits, V.A. Sakharov, B.A. Salyn, A.L. Wrang, P. and Dainyak, L.G., (2000) Illite-smectite structural changes during metamorphism in black Cambrian Alum shales from the Baltic area American Mineralogist 85 1223–1238 10.2138/am-2000-8-916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, C. and Eggleton, R.A., (1999) Surface layer types of kaolinite: high resolution transmission electron microscopy study Clays and Clay Minerals 47 181–191 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470208.Google Scholar
Moore, D.M. and Reynolds, R.C., (1989) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals Oxford Oxford University Press 332 pp.Google Scholar
Plançon, A., (1981) Diffraction by layer structures containing different kinds of layers and stacking faults Journal of Applied Crystallography 14 300–304 10.1107/S0021889881009424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plançon, A., (2002) New modeling of X-ray diffraction by disordered lamellar structures, such as phyllosilicates American Mineralogist 87 1672–1677 10.2138/am-2002-11-1216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plançon, A., (2003) Modelling X-ray diffraction by lamellar structures composed of electrically charged layers Journal of Applied Crystallography 36 146–153 10.1107/S0021889802019362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plançon, A. and Tchoubar, C., (1976) Etude des fautes d’empilement dans les kaolinites partiellement désordonnées Journal of Applied Crystallography 9 279–285 10.1107/S0021889876011369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R.C., (1967) Interstratified clay system: calculation of the total one-dimensional diffraction function American Mineralogist 52 661–672.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., (1980) Interstratified clay minerals Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 249–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R.C., (1986) The Lorentz factor and preferred orientation in oriented clay aggregates Clays and Clay Minerals 34 359–367 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakharov, B.A. Naumov, A.S. and Drits, V.A., (1982) X-ray diffraction by mixed-layer structures with random distribution of stacking faults Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 265 339–343 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Sakharov, B.A. Naumov, A.S. and Drits, V.A., (1982) X-ray intensities scattered by layer structure with short range ordering parameters S ⩾ 1 and G ⩾ 1 Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 265 871–874 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Sakharov, B.A. Lindgreen, H. Salyn, A.L. and Drits, V.A., (1999) Determination of illite-smectite structures using multispecimen X-ray diffraction profile fitting Clays and Clay Minerals 47 555–566 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsipursky, S.J. Eberl, D.D. and Buseck, P.R., (1992) Unusual tops (bottoms?) of particles of 1M illite from the Silverton caldera (CO) Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy annual meeting, Minneapolis, 1992 Madison, Wisconsin American Society of Agronomy 381–382.Google Scholar