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Effect of the SiO2/Al2O3 Molar Ratio on the Microstructure and Properties of Clay-based Geopolymers: A Comparative Study of Kaolinite-based and Halloysite-based Geopolymers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Baifa Zhang Open the ORCID record for Baifa Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Ting Yu ,
Haozhe Guo ,
Jiarong Chen ,
Yi Liu  and
Peng Yuan
Baifa Zhang*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Ting Yu
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Haozhe Guo
Affiliation:
Institute of Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
Jiarong Chen
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Yi Liu
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Peng Yuan
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
*
e-mail: zhangbaifa@gdut.edu.cn
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Abstract

As 1:1 dioctahedral clay minerals, kaolinite and halloysite have similar chemical compositions. However, halloysite often possesses a nanotubular structure and special surface reactivity compared to platy kaolinite. The objective of this current work was to determine the effect of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the microstructure and properties of geopolymers derived from two kinds of kaolin: platy kaolinite and nanotubular halloysite. The chemical structures and compositions of the geopolymers obtained were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), whereas the microstructural analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and N2 physisorption analysis. The results indicated that calcined halloysite showed greater geopolymerization reactivity than calcined kaolinite. In addition, the mechanical properties of the clay-based geopolymers depended not only on the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio but also on the morphology of the clay. Crystalline zeolite A and geopolymer were produced after alkali-activation of kaolin with a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 2.5; these products possessed porous and heterogeneous microstructures having poor compressive strength. As SiO2/Al2O3 ratios increased to >2.5, geopolymers with compact microstructure and high compressive strength were produced after alkali-activation of kaolin. Notably, at a given condition, halloysite-based geopolymers exhibited greater early compressive strength, more compactness, and more homogeneous microstructure than kaolinite-based geopolymers. This can be attributed to the nanotubular microstructure of halloysite, which can release more Si and Al during alkali activation than platy kaolinite. These results indicated that the various morphologies and microstructures among clays have significant impact on the microstructure and compressive strength of geopolymers.

Keywords

DissolutionGeopolymerHalloysiteKaoliniteSiO2/Al2O3 ratio
Type
Original Paper
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 70 , Issue 6 , December 2022 , pp. 882 - 902
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Clay Minerals Society 2023

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Victoria Krupskaya.

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