Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T11:56:57.145Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dickite and Other Kaolin Polymorphs from an Al-rich Clay Deposit Formed in Volcanic Tuff, Southeastern Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Chang Oh Choo  and
Soo Jin Kim
Chang Oh Choo*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
Soo Jin Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: chooco@hanmir.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Kaolins from an Al-rich clay deposit formed in volcanic tuff, southeastern Korea contain predominant dickite and quartz with accessory diaspore, pyrophyllite, alunite, illite, sulfides and calcite. Intergrowth of blocky crystals with thin ones within stacks suggests that blocky crystals gradually replaced thin ones within the same stacks. Numerous dickite plates with pseudo-hexagonal outline are placed in rows eventually forming a U-shaped stack and a vermiform stack. Individual crystals within the stack are of pseudo-hexagonal form and vermiform, accompanying slips across basal planes. The euhedral dickite with blocky habit has basal planes (001) and edge planes (110) perpendicular to each other, and it shows pseudo-hexagonal crystallites elongated in one direction. Fourier transform infrared spectra at OH-stretching and far-infrared regions show that the dickitic mass contains a small proportion of kaolinite or nacrite, indicating interstratification or at least mixtures of kaolin polytypes. The formation of mixtures of various polytypes that are of kaolinite-dickite, dickite and mixtures of dickite-nacrite could be attributed to hydrothermal processes ranging over a broad spectrum of temperature and fluid chemistry.

Keywords

Blocky CrystalDickiteKaoliniteNacritePolytypesVermiform Stack
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 52 , Issue 6 , December 2004 , pp. 749 - 759
Copyright
Copyright © 2004, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beaufort, D. Cassagnabere, A. Petit, S. Lanson, B. Berger, G. Lacharpagne, J.C. and Johansen, H., (1998) Kaolinite-to-dickite reaction in sandstone reservoirs Clay Minerals 33 297–316 10.1180/000985598545499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauvais, A. and Bertaux, J., (2002) In situ characterization and differentiation of kaolinites in lateritic weathering profiles using infrared microspectroscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 50 314–330 10.1346/00098600260358076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W. Kao, C.-C. Harrison, J.L. Lipsicas, M. and Raythatha, R., (1986) Relation between structural disorder and other characteristics of kaolinites and dickites Clays and Clay Minerals 34 239–249 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buatier, M.D. Potdevin, J.-L. Lopez, M. and Petit, S., (1996) Occurrence of nacrite in the Lodève Permian basin (France) European Journal of Mineralogy 8 847–852 10.1127/ejm/8/4/0847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choo, C.O., (1996) Mineralogy and genesis of Napseok (sericite, pyrophyllite, dickite) in the Kimhae area, Korea Korea Seoul National University PhD thesis.Google Scholar
Choo, C.O. and Chang, T.W., (2000) Characteristics of clay minerals in gouges of the Dongrae Fault, southeastern Korea, and implications for fault activity Clays and Clay Minerals 48 204–212 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Dunoyer Segonzac, G., (1970) The transformation of clay minerals during diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism. A review Sedimentology 15 281–326 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1970.tb02190.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrenberg, S.N. Aagaard, P. Wilson, M.J. Fraser, A.R. and Duthie, D.M.L., (1993) Depth-dependent transformation of kaolinite to dickite in sandstones of the Norwegian continental shelf Clay Minerals 28 325–352 10.1180/claymin.1993.028.3.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, V.C. and Farmer, V.C., (1974) The layer silicates The Infrared Spectra of Minerals London Mineralogical Society 331–364 10.1180/mono-4.15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, V.C. and Russell, J.D., (1964) The infrared spectra of layer silicates Spectrochimica Acta 20 1149–1173 10.1016/0371-1951(64)80165-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fialips, C.I. Pett, S. Decarreau, A. and Beaufort, D., (2000) Influence of synthesis pH on kaolinite “crystallinity” and surface properties Clays and Clay Minerals 48 173–184 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, A.R. Wilson, M.J. Roe, M.J. and Shen, Z.Y., (2002) Use of hydrofluoric acid dissolution for the concentration of dickite and nacrite from kaolin deposits: an FTIR study Clay Minerals 37 559–570 10.1180/0009855023730058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, R.F. Zamora, R. and Keller, W.D., (1981) Nacrite, dickite, and kaolinite in one deposit in Nayarit, Mexico Clays and Clay Minerals 29 451–453 10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassouta, L. Buatier, M.D. Potdevin, J.-L. and Liewig, N., (1999) Clay diagenesis in the sandstone reservior of the Ellon field (Alwyn, North Sea) Clays and Clay Minerals 47 269–285 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemely, J.J., (1959) Some mineralogical equilibria in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O American Journal of Science 257 241–270 10.2475/ajs.257.4.241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishii, M. Shimanouchi, T. and Nakahira, M., (1967) Far infrared absorption spectra of layer silicates Inorganic Chimica Acta 1 387–392 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)93207-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, C.T. Agnew, S.F. and Bish, D.L., (1990) Polarized single-crystal Fourier-transform infrared microscopy of Ouray dickite and Keokuk kaolinite Clays and Clay Minerals 38 573–583 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, W.D., (1988) Authigenic kaolinite and dickite associated with metal sulfides-probable indicators of a regional thermal event Clays and Clay Minerals 36 153–158 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S.J. Choo, C.O. Park, H.I. and Noh, J.H., (1991) Mineralogy and genesis of hydrothermal deposits in the Southeastern part of Korean peninsular: (2) Bobae sericitic deposit Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea 4 93–114.Google Scholar
Kim, S.J. Choo, C.O. and Cho, H.G., (1993) Mineralogy and genesis of hydrothermal deposits in the southeastern part of Korean peninsular: (4) Kimhae deposit Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea 6 122–144.Google Scholar
Knight, J.E., (1977) A thermodynamic study of alunite, enargite, luzonite, and tennantite deposits Economic Geology 12 1321–1336 10.2113/gsecongeo.72.7.1321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koh, S.M. and Chang, H.W., (1997) Comparative anatomy of the hydrothermal alteration of Chonnam and Kyongsang hydrothermal clay alteration areas in Korea Economic and Environmental Geology 30 81–87 10.1007/s002540050135.Google Scholar
Lanson, B. Beaufort, D. Berger, G. Baradat, J. and Lacharpagne, J.-C., (1996) Illitization of diagenetic kaolinite-to-dickite conversion series: Late-stage diagenesis of the lower permian Rotliegend sandstone reservior, offshore of the Netherlands Journal of Sedimentary Research 66 501–518.Google Scholar
Lanson, B. Beaufort, D. Berger, G. Bauer, A. Cassagnabere, A. and Meunier, A., (2002) Authigenic kaolin and illitic minerals during burial diagenesis of sandstones: a review Clay Minerals 37 1–22 10.1180/0009855023710014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laperche, V. and Prost, R., (1991) Assignment of the far-infrared absorption bands of K in micas Clays and Clay Minerals 39 281–289 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, G. Russell, J.D. and Keller, W.D., (1987) Compositional and structural variations in the size fractions of a sedimentary and a hydrothermal kaolin Clays and Clay Minerals 35 321–335 10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAulay, G.E. Burley, S.D. Fallick, A.E. and Kusznir, N.J., (1994) Paleohydrodynamic fluid flow regimes during diagenesis of the Brent Group in the Hutton-NW Hutton reservoirs: constraints from oxygen isotope studies of authigenic kaolin and reverse flexural modeling Clay Minerals 29 609–626 10.1180/claymin.1994.029.4.16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, J.-P. and Bocquier, G. (1985) Textural and mineralogical relationships between ferruginous nodules and surrounding clayey materices in a laterite from Cameroon. Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Denver, pp. 186–194.Google Scholar
Osborne, M. Haszeldine, R.S. and Fallick, A.E., (1994) Variation in kaolinite morphology with growth temperature in isotopically mixed pore-fluids, Brent Group, UK North Sea Clay Minerals 29 591–608 10.1180/claymin.1994.029.4.15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prost, R. and Laperche, V., (1990) Far-infrared study of potassium micas Clays and Clay Minerals 38 351–355 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prost, R. Daheme, A. Huard, D.E. Driard, J. and Leydecker, J.P., (1989) Infrared study of structural OH in kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, and poorly crystalline kaolinite at 5 to 600 K Clays and Clay Minerals 37 464–468 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz Cruz, M.D., (1996) Dickite, nacrite and possible dickite/nacrite mixed-layers from the Betic Cordilleras (Spain) Clays and Clay Minerals 44 357–369 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz Cruz, M.D. and Moreno Real, L., (1993) Diagenetic kaolinite/dickite (Betic Cordilleras, Spain) Clays and Clay Minerals 41 570–579 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sang, K.N., (1986) Some aspects of kaolin-pyrophyllite deposits in southern Korea Journal of Korean Institute of Mining Geology 19 43–52.Google Scholar
Sang, K.N., (1992) Genesis of kaolin-pyrophyllite deposits in the Youngnam area Journal of Korean Institute of Mining Geology 25 101–115.Google Scholar
Satokawa, S. Miyawaki, R. Osaki, Y. Tomura, S. and Shibasaki, Y., (1996) Effects of acidity on the hydrothermal synthesis of kaolinite Clays and Clay Minerals 44 417–423 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, K.M., (1990) Origin of alunite- and jarosite-group minerals in the Mt. Leyshon epithermal gold deposit, northeast Queensland, Australia American Mineralogist 75 1176–1181.Google Scholar
Shen, Z.Y. Wilson, M.J. Fraser, A.R. and Pearson, M.J., (1994) Nacrite clay associated with the Jiangshan-Shaoxing deep fault in Zhejiang Province, China Clays and Clay Minerals 42 576–581 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shutov, V.D. Aleksandrova, A.V. and Losievskaya, S.A., (1970) Genetic interpretation of the polymorphism of the kaolinite group in sedimentary rocks Sedimentology 15 69–82 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1970.tb00206.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small, J.S., (1993) Experimental determination of the rates of precipitation of authigenic illite and kaolinite in the presence of aqueous oxalates and comparison to the K/Ar ages of authigenic illite in reservoir sandstone Clays and Clay Minerals 41 191–208 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tateyama, H. Shimoda, S. and Sudo, T., (1977) Estimation of K-O distances and tetrahedral rotation angle of K-micas from far-infrared absorption spectral data American Mineralogist 62 534–539.Google Scholar
Velde, B. and Couty, R., (1985) Far infrared spectra of hydrous layer silicates Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 12 347–352 10.1007/BF00654345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar