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Diagenetic reorientation of phyllosilicate minerals in Paleogene mudstones of the Podhale Basin, southern Poland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Ruarri J. Day-Stirrat ,
Andrew C. Aplin ,
Jan Środoń  and
Ben A. van der Pluijm
Ruarri J. Day-Stirrat*
Affiliation:
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Andrew C. Aplin*
Affiliation:
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Jan Środoń
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Senacka 1, 31-002, Kraków, Poland
Ben A. van der Pluijm
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, C.C. Little Building, 425 E. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA
*
4Present address: Bureau of Economic Geology, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Box X, Austin, TX 78713-1534, USA
* E-mail address of corresponding author: a.c.aplin@ncl.ac.uk
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Abstract

We used high-resolution X-ray texture goniometry to quantify changes in the mm-scale orientation of phyllosilicate minerals in a suite of Paleogene mudstones from the Podhale Basin in southern Poland. The sample set covers an estimated range of burial depths between 2.4 and 7.0 km, corresponding to a temperature range of 60–160°C. Although mechanical compaction has reduced porosities to ∼10% in the shallowest samples, the phyllosilicate fabric is only modestly aligned. Coarser-grained (>10 µm) detrital chlorite and mica appear to be more strongly aligned with (001) parallel to bedding, suggesting their deposition as single grains rather than as isotropic flocs or aggregates. From 2.4 to 4.6 km, R0 illite-smectite with 40–50% illite layers changes to R1 illite-smectite with 70–80%) illite layers. At the same time kaolinite is lost and diagenetic chlorite is formed. The mineralogical changes are accompanied by a strong increase in the alignment of illite-smectite, chlorite, and detrital illite, parallel to bedding and normal to the presumed principal effective stress. We propose that the development of a more aligned I-S fabric results from the dissolution of smectite and the growth of illite with (001) normal to the maximum effective stress. Water released by illitization may act as a lubricant for the rotation of all platy minerals into nanoporosity transiently formed by the illitization reaction. At greater depths and temperatures, further illitization is inhibited through the exhaustion of K-feldspar. After the cessation of illitization, a further 2.4 km of burial only results in a small increase in phyllosilicate alignment. At such small values for porosity and pore size, increasing stress does not substantially reorient phyllosilicates in the absence of mineralogical change.

Keywords

DiagenesisFabricMudstonePhyllosilicateShaleTextural Goniometry
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 100 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © 2008, The Clay Minerals Society

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