Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T19:40:42.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Crystal Structure of Bannisterite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Peter J. Heaney ,
Jeffrey E. Post  and
Howard T. Evans Jr.
Peter J. Heaney*
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 20560
Jeffrey E. Post
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 20560
Howard T. Evans Jr.
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092
*
1Present address: Department of Geology and Geophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The crystal structure of bannisterite, a modulated, mica-like mineral species, of general composition Ca0.5(K,Na)0.5(Mn,Fe,Mg,Zn)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O, has been solved and refined for specimens from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey (FF), and Broken Hill, Australia (BH). The crystals are mono-clinic in space group A2/a, with (for FF) a = 22.265(1) Å, b = 16.368(1) Å, c = 24.668(2) Å, β = 94.285(5)°; and (for BH) a = 22.286(1) Å, b = 16.386(1) Å, c = 24.575(2) Å, β = 94.355(7)°; Z = 8. Refinement with anisotropic thermal factors reached Rw = 0.034 (FF) and 0.039 (BH). Like stilpnomelane and ganophyllite, bannisterite has a modified 2:1 trioctahedral layer structure in which some of the tetrahedra are inverted towards the interlayer region and linked to inverted tetrahedra in the opposite layer. The octahedral sheet is strongly corrugated along b. The tetrahedral sheet consists of 5-, 6-, and 7-fold rings, and bond distance calculations indicate that Al is concentrated into two of the four inverted tetrahedra. The interlayer Ca, K, and H2O species are highly disordered, as indicated by anomalously large temperature factors and partial occupancies. Localized differences in the Al/Si arrangements in the inverted tetrahedra induce disorder among the interlayer cations.

Keywords

BannisteriteInterlayer cationsLayer structureModulated structureX-ray structure refinement
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , April 1992 , pp. 129 - 144
Copyright
Copyright © 1992, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Burnham, C. W., Refinement of the crystal structure of sillimanite Z. Kristalogr. 1963 118 127 – 148 10.1524/zkri.1963.118.1-2.127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, P. J., Leavens, P. B., Norberg, J. A. and Ramik, R. A., Bannisterite: New chemical data and empirical formulae Amer. Mineral. 1981 66 1063 – 1067.Google Scholar
Eggleton, R. A., The crystal structure of stilpnomelane. Part II. The full cell Mineral. Mag. 1972 38 693 – 711 10.1180/minmag.1972.038.298.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggleton, R. A. and Guggenheim, S., A re-examination of the structure of ganophyllite Mineral. Mag. 1986 50 307 – 315 10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrow, E. A., Morad, S., Koark, H. J. and Ounchanum, P., Bannisterite from the Nyberget Mn-Fe ore deposits, central Sweden Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. Progr. 1990 22 A261.Google Scholar
Foshag, W. F., Ganophyllite and zincian amphibole from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey Amer. Mineral. 1936 21 63 – 67.Google Scholar
Guggenheim, S. and Eggleton, R. A., Structural modulations in Mg-rich and Fe-rich minnesotaite Can. Mineral. 1986 20 479 – 497.Google Scholar
Guggenheim, S. and Eggleton, R. A., Modulated 2:1 layer silicates: Review, systematics, and predictions Amer. Mineral. 1987 72 724 – 738.Google Scholar
Guggenheim, S. and Eggleton, R. A., Crystal chemistry, classification, and identification of modulated layer silicates Reviews in Mineralogy 1988 19 675 – 725.Google Scholar
Ibers, J. A. and Hamilton, W. C., International Tables for X-ray Crystallography: Vol. IV 1974 Birmingham, England Kynoch Press 273 – 284.Google Scholar
Jones, J. B., Al-O and Si-O tetrahedral distances in aluminosilicate framework structures Acta Crystallogr. 1968 B24 355 – 358 10.1107/S0567740868002360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karle, J. and Karle, I. L., The symbolic addition procedure for phase determination for centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric crystals Acta Crystallogr. 1966 B21 849 – 859 10.1107/S0365110X66004079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopes-Vieira, A. and Zussman, J., Further detail on the crystal structure of zussmanite Mineral. Mag. 1969 37 49 – 60 10.1180/minmag.1969.037.285.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsubara, S. and Kato, A., A barian bannisterite from Japan Mineral. Mag. 1989 53 85 – 87 10.1180/minmag.1989.053.369.09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plimer, I. R., Bannisterite from Broken Hill, Australia Neues Jb. Mineral. Monatsh. 1977 11 504 – 508.Google Scholar
Smith, M. L. and Frondel, C., The related layered minerals ganophyllite, bannisterite, and stilpnomelane Mineral. Mag. 1968 36 893 – 913.Google Scholar
Smith, W. C., Ganophyllite from the Benallt mine, Rhiw, Caernarvonshire Mineral. Mag. 1948 28 343 – 352.Google Scholar
Stewart, J. M. and Hall, S. R., The XTAL2.4 System of Crystallographic Programs 1988 College Park, MD University of Maryland and University of Western Australia 10.21236/ADA198525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. B., Biopyroboles and polysomatic series Amer. Mineral. 1978 63 239 – 249.Google Scholar
Threadgold, I., Ferroan bannisterite—a new type of layer silicate structure Abstract, Seminar on Broken Hill 1979.Google Scholar
Zussman, J., Investigation of the crystal structure of antigorite Mineral. Mag. 1954 40 498 – 512.Google Scholar