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Colloid Stability of Clays Using Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

B. E. Novich  and
T. A. Ring
B. E. Novich
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
T. A. Ring
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Abstract

Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), a dynamic light-scattering technique for particle size measurement, was used to determine the coagulation rates of aqueous dispersions of relatively monodisperse South Carolina Peerless kaolinite, Silver Hill, Montana, illite, Wyoming montmorillonite, and Florida palygorskite. This technique allows quantitative measurement of the rate of coagulation for clay particles where the traditional turbidity method gives only a qualitative measure. The critical coagulation concentrations for KCl at pH = 10.0 were: 0.199 M for kaolinite, 0.202 M for illite, 0.290 M for montmorillonite, and 0.034 M for palygorskite. The effective Hamaker constants, calculated using Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, were: 3.1 × 10−20 J for kaolinite, 2.5 × 10−20 J for illite, 2.2 × 10−20 J for montmorillonite, and 1.63 × 10−19 J for palygorskite. Stern potentials at the critical coagulation concentration at pH 10.0 were: −42.7 mV for kaolinite, −40.7 mV for illite,‒21.2 mV for montmorillonite, and −66.9 mV for palygorskite.

Резюме

Резюме

Фото-корреляцционная спектроскопия (ФКС), динамический, свет рассеивающий метод для измерений размера частиц, использовалась для определения скоростей коагуляции водных дисперсий относительно монодисперсионных каолинитов из Южной Каролины, иллита из Серебряного Холма, Монтана, монтмориллонита из Вайоминга и палыгорскита из Флориды. Этот метод позволяет из¬мерять количественно скорость коагуляции частиц глины в случае, когда традиционный метод путем мутнения дает только качественное измерение. Критические концентрации коагуляции КС1 при рН = 10 были: 0,199 М для каолинита, 0,202 М для иллита, 0,29 М для монтмориллонита, и 0,034 М для палыгорскита. Эффективные постоянные Гамакера, рассчитанные при использовании теории Дер-жагина-Ландау-Веруэя-Овербика, составляли: 3,1 × 10−20 дж для каолинита, 2,5 × 10t—20 дж для ил-лита, 2,2 × 10−20 дж для монтмориллонита, и 1,63 × 10−19 дждля палыгорскита. Потенциалы Штерна при критических концентрациях коагуляции при рН = 10,0 составляли: −42,7 мв для каолинита, −40,7 мв для иллита, −21,2 мв для монтмориллонита, и −66,9 мв для палыгорскита. [E.G.]

Resümee

Resümee

Photonenkorrelationsspektroskopie (PCS), eine dynamische auf Lichtstreuung beruhende Technik zur Messung der Teilchengröße wurde verwendet, um die Koagulationsgeschwindigkeiten von wässrigen Dispersionen von relativ monodispersem South Carolina Peerless Kaolinit; Illit von Silver Hill, Montana; Montmorillonit von Wyoming; und Palygorskit von Florida zu bestimmen. Diese Methode erlaubt die quantitative Messung der Koagulationsgeschwindigkeit für Tonpartikel, während die her¬kömmliche Turbiditätsmethode nur qualitative Messungen ergibt. Die kritischen Koagulationskonzen¬trationen für KCl bei pH 10,0 waren: 0,199 m für Kaolinit; 0,202 m für Illit; 0,290 m für Montmorillonit; und 0,034 m für Palygorskit. Die wirksamen Hamaker-Konstanten, die unter Verwendung der Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek-Theorie berechnet wurden, waren: 3,1 × 10−20 J für Kaolinit; 2,5 × 10−20 J für Illit; 2,2 × 10−20 J für Montmorillonit; und 1,63 × 10−19 für Palygorskit. Die Stern-Potentiale bei der kritischen Koagulationskonzentration bei pH 10,0 waren −42,7 mV für Kaolinit; −40,7 mV für Illit; −21,2 mV für Montmorillonit; und − 66,9 mV für Palygorskit. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

La spectroscopie à corrélation de photons (PCS), une technique dynamique, éparpillant la lumière pour mesurer la taille de particules, a été utilisée pour déterminer les allures de coagulation des dispersions aqueuses relativement monodisperses de kaolinite Peerless de Caroline du Sud, d'illite de Silver Hill du Montana, de montmorillonite du Wyoming, et de palygorskite de Floride. Cette technique permet de mesurer l'allure de coagulation de particules d'argile de manière quantitative, tandis que la méthode traditionnelle de turbidité ne donne qu'une mesure qualitative. Les concentrations de coagulation critiques pour KCl au pH = 10,0 étaient: 0,199 M pour la kaolinite, 0,202 M pour l'illite, 0,290 M pour la montmorillonite, et 0,034 M pour la palygorskite. Les constantes effectives d'Hamaker, calculées d'après la théorie Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek, étaient 3,1 × 10−20 J pour la kaolinite, 2,5 × 10−20 J pour l'illite, 2,2 × 10−20 J pour la montmorillonite, et 1,63 × 10−19 J pour la palygorskite. Les potentiels de Stern aux concentrations critiques de coagulation au pH 10,0 étaient: −42,7 mV pour la kaolinite, −40,7 mV pour l'illite, −21,2 mV pour la montmorillonite, et −66,9 mV pour la palygorskite. [D.J.]

Keywords

Coagulation rateHamaker constantIlliteKaoliniteLight scatteringMontmorillonitePalygorskitePhoton correlation spectroscopyStern potential
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 32 , Issue 5 , October 1984 , pp. 400 - 406
Copyright
Copyright © 1984, The Clay Minerals Society

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