Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-ckgrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-21T02:25:30.654Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Flocculation of Illite/Kaolinite and Illite/Montmorillonite Mixtures as Affected by Sodium Adsorption Ratio and pH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Sabine Goldberg ,
Harold S. Forster  and
Elizabeth L. Heick
Sabine Goldberg
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
Harold S. Forster
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
Elizabeth L. Heick
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effect of electrolyte concentration, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and pH on the flocculation-dispersion behavior of 50/50 mixtures of reference illite with reference kaolinite or reference montmorillonite was investigated. The clays were Na- or Ca-saturated and freeze-dried before use. Critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) were investigated in the range of pH 5.9 to 9.6, percent Na-clay 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 and SAR 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and ∞. CCC values increased with increasing ESP, increasing SAR, and increasing pH. The pH dependence of illite/kaolinite was greater than that of illite/montmorillonite especially at high ESP and SAR. The presence of illite did not play a dominant role in determining flocculation-dispersion behavior of the 50/50 clay mixtures. The CCCs of illite/kaolinite resembled reference illite more than reference kaolinite for SAR 0 to SAR 60. Illite/montmorillonite exhibited CCCs more similar to reference illite than reference montmorillonite at SAR 40 and SAR 60. At the agriculturally desirable ESP and SAR values of 0 to 15, all the 2:1 clays and 2:1 clay mixtures demonstrated similar CCC values.

Keywords

Flocculation valueCritical coagulation concentrationDispersionAggregation
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , August 1991 , pp. 375 - 380
Copyright
Copyright © 1991, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alperovitch, N., Shainberg, I., Keren, R. and Singer, M. J., 1985 Effect of clay mineralogy and aluminum and iron oxides on the hydraulic conductivity of clay-sand mixtures Clays & Clay Minerals 33 443 – 450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang, S. C., Radcliffe, D. E., Miller, W. P. and Newman, K. D., 1987 Hydraulic conductivity of three Southeastern soils as affected by sodium, electrolyte concentration, and pH Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51 1293 – 1299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, A. and Datta, B., 1987 Effect of electrolyte solution on saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils varying in clay type and content, and iron oxides Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenk. 150 187 – 192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenkel, H., Goertzen, J. O. and Rhoades, J. D., 1978 Effects of clay type and content, exchangeable sodium percentage, and electrolyte concentration on clay dispersion and soil hydraulic conductivity Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42 32 – 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, S. and Glaubig, R. A., 1987 Effect of saturating cation, pH, and aluminum and iron oxide on the flocculation of kaolinite and montmorillonite Clays & Clay Minerals 35 220 – 227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, S. and Forster, H. S., 1990 Flocculation of reference clays and arid zone soil clays Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54 714 – 718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, R. K., Bhumbla, D. K. and Abrol, I. P., 1984 Effect of sodicity, pH, organic matter, and calcium carbonate on the dispersion behavior of soils Soil Sci. 137 245 – 251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntyre, D. S., 1979 Exchangeable sodium, subplasticity and hydraulic conductivity of some Australian soils Aust. J. Soil Res. 17 115 – 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeal, B. L. and Coleman, N. T., 1966 Effect of solution composition on soil hydraulic conductivity Soil Sci. Soc. Am.Proc. 30 308 – 312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naghshineh-Pour, B., Kunze, G. W. and Carson, C. D., 1970 The effect of electrolyte composition on hydraulic conductivity of certain Texas soils Soil Sci. 110 124 – 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oster, J. D., Shainberg, I. and Wood, J. D., 1980 Flocculation value and gel structure of sodium/calcium montmorillonite and illite suspensions Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44 955 – 959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rengasamy, P., Greene, R. S. B. Ford, G. W. and Mehanni, A. H., 1984 Identification of dispersive behavior and the management of red-brown earths Aust. J. Soil Res. 22 413 – 431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shainberg, I. and Letey, J., 1984 Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions Hilgardia 52 1 – 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suarez, D. L., Rhoades, J. D., Lavado, R. and Grieve, C. M., 1984 Effect of pH on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil dispersion Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48 50 – 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Olphen, H., 1977 An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry 2nd New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Yaron, B. and Thomas, G. W., 1968 Soil hydraulic conductivity as affected by sodic water Water Resources Res. 4 545 – 552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar