Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-v5vhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-19T11:52:42.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Influence of Physico-Chemical Factors Upon the Mechanical Properties of Clays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

I. Th. Rosenqvist
I. Th. Rosenqvist*
Affiliation:
Institutt for Geologi, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The engineering problems of clay soils are closely connected with the “bulk properties,” i.e. shear strength and deformation properties as function of stress conditions and time. These properties are based upon factors in the atomic range and can never be understood without an understanding of the fundamental processes.

The bulk properties of virgin sediments differ from those of chemically or mechanically altered clays (called hypo-metamorphic).

The difference in view generally held by soil mechanics engineers and ceramic research people concerning soil-water systems as built up of minerals in contact with or separated by water, may only be apparent. The water at the mineral surfaces appears to have properties of a solid substance but not the atomic arrangement of ordinary ice. Within a small area, as at the points “of contact,” the H’s and O’s may take the arrangement of a perfect solid. The movement of a corner of one mineral along the plane of another can only take place if flow or creep in the condensed water is possible. In perfect crystals we have only elastic deformation or yielding. The secondary consolidation of clays and the permeability at low hydraulic gradients are discussed as functions of the physics of the water. The influence of temperature and electrolytes upon the properties is suggested as fundamentally important. A plea for further research in the physics and chemistry of surface processes on the various clay minerals is given.

Type
Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Clays
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 9 , February 1960 , pp. 12 - 27
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1960

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, D. M. and Low, P. P. (1958) The density of water adsorbed by lithium-, sodium- and potassium-bentonite: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., v. 22, pp. 99–103. Bergseth, Harald (1960) Elektro-kinetiske studier av kloritt og montmorillonitt i kolloid tilstand: M.Sc. Thesis, Oslo University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biot, M. A. (1935) Le problème de la consolidation des matières argileuses sous une charge: Ann. Soc. Se. Bruxelles, v. 55.Google Scholar
Bjerrum, L. and Rosenqvist, I. Th. (1956) Some experiments with artificially sedimented clays: Geotechnique, v. 6, no. 3, pp. 124–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjerrum, L. and Wu, T. H. (1960) Fundamental shear strength properties of Lilla Edet: Geotechnique. In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buisman, A. S. K. (1936) Results of long duration settlement test: Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, v. 1, pp. 103–106.Google Scholar
Foreman, F. (1955) Palynology in southern North America II. Study of two cores from lake sediments of the Mexico City basin: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., v. 66, pp. 475–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forslind, E. (1952) The clay water system.—II. Water adsorption and cation exchange in montmorillonite: Svenska Forskningsinstitutet for cement och beton vid Kungl. Teksnika Høgskolan i Stockholm, Handlingar, no. 17, pp. 3–11.Google Scholar
Hansbo, Sven (1960) Consolidation of clay with special reference to influence of vertical sand drains: Ph. D. Thesis, Chalmers Tekniska Høgskola, no. 25, Stockholm. Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Proc., no. 18, pp. 1–159.Google Scholar
Hvorslev, M.J. (1937) Uber die Festigkeitseigenschaften gestörter bindiger Böden: Ingeniørvidenskabelige Skrifter, København, A, no. 45, pp. 1–159.Google Scholar
Interparticle Forces in Clay Water Electrolyte Systems (1960) Seminar Proc., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Leonards, G. A. and Ramiah, B. K. (1959) Time effect in the consolidation of clays: Symposium, on Time-Rate on Loading in Testing Soils, A. S. T. M. Annual Meeting.Google Scholar
Low, P. F. (1959) Physical-chemical properties of soil. Ion exchange phenomena (Discussion to A. W. Tailor's paper): Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers, 85, pp. 79–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murayama, S. and Shibata, T. (1959) On the secondary consolidation of clay: Proc. Japanese Society for Testing Material, 2nd Cong., pp. 178–181.Google Scholar
Pickett, A. G. and Lemkoe, M. M. (1959) An investigation of shear strength of the clay water system by radio frequency spectroscopy: J. Geophys. Res., v. 64, pp. 1579–1586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenqvist, I. Th. (1958) Physical-chemical properties of soil water system (discussion): ·J. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, Proc. Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., pp. 31–53.Google Scholar
Rosenqvist, I. Th. (1955) Investigations in the clay-electrolyte-water system: Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Pub. 9, pp. 3–120.Google Scholar
Rosenqvist, I. Th. (1957) Soil properties and their measurements: 4th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Eng., Gen. Rept., Div. 1, v. 2, pp. 427–432.Google Scholar
Søderblora, R. (1959) Aspects on some problems of geotechnical chemistry: Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholms Förhandlingar, v. 81, no. 4, pp. 727–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kie, Tan Tjong (1957a) Discussion: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. Found. Eng., v. 3, p. 87.Google Scholar
Kie, Tan Tjong (1957b) Secondary time effects and consolidation of clays: Academica Scinica Harbin, China, Monograph, pp. 1–17.Google Scholar
Taylor, D.W. (1942) Research on consolidation of clays: Mass. Inst. Techn. Pub., Dept. Civil and Sanit. Eng., ser. 82.Google Scholar
Terzaghi, K. (1925) Erdbaumechanik auf bodenphysikalischer Grundlage: Deuticke, Lpz., 399 pp.Google Scholar
Williamson, W. O. (1960) Particle orientation in a kaolinite-illite clay caused by deposition or deformation. Some shrinkage and mechanical properties of the oriented aggregates so formed: Paper, Interparticle Forces in Clay-Water Electrolyte Systems, Melbourne, Div. 2, pp. 40–65.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, Schinichi (1959) On the sensitivity of clay: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Bull. 28.Google Scholar
Zeevaert, L. (1957) Foundation design and behaviour of Tower Latino Americana in Mexico City: Geotechnique, v. 7, no. 3, pp. 115–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar