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Expansion and Electrical Conductivity of Montmorillonite in Ammonia Atmosphere

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

P. Cloos  and
M. M. Mortland
P. Cloos
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Laboratoire de Chemie Minerale, University of Louvain, Belgium
M. M. Mortland
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Abstract

The expansion of montmorillonite at various relative pressures of ammonia up to saturation was shown to be markedly affected by the kind of ion present on the exchange complex. A 12.3 Å spacing was obtained with Li-, Na-, K-, Mg- and Ca-montmorillonites at low relative pressures. This spacing was maintained up to saturation for the K and Mg systems and apparently represents one layer of ammonia in the interlamellar spaces. For Li-, Na- and Ca-clay, two layers of ammonia were formed at higher relative pressures. In the cases of Cu- and Co-montmorillonite, rational spacings at 12.8 and 15.1 Å respectively were obtained at low relative pressures and were maintained to saturation. The results are interpreted in terms of co-ordination complex formation.

Electrical conductance studies showed exponential increases in conductivity as the relative pressure of ammonia increased. The apparent activation energies showed decreases with increase in relative pressure for all systems except Co- and Mg-clay, which remained rather constant over the pressure range studied. The results indicated that both expansion and electrical conductivity were influenced by the formation of the ammonium ion and by the co-ordinating power of the exchangeable cation.

Type
General Session
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 13 , February 1964 , pp. 231 - 246
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1964

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Footnotes

Authorized for publication by the Director as Journal Article No. 3490 of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, E. Lansing.

References

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