Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-21T04:43:38.383Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Soil-lime reaction and microstructural development at elevated temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. Wild ,
M. Arabi  and
G. Leng-Ward
S. Wild
Affiliation:
The Polytechnic of Wales, Department of Civil Engineering and Building, Pontypridd, Mid Glamorgan, and Department of Physics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL
M. Arabi
Affiliation:
The Polytechnic of Wales, Department of Civil Engineering and Building, Pontypridd, Mid Glamorgan, and Department of Physics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL
G. Leng-Ward
Affiliation:
The Polytechnic of Wales, Department of Civil Engineering and Building, Pontypridd, Mid Glamorgan, and Department of Physics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Mineralogical analysis of Devonian Red Marl using XRD, TEM, SEM and EDAX showed that it consisted of illite, quartz, and feldspar with minor amounts of chlorite and hematite. Physico-chemical changes in the soil minerals on reaction with lime (calcium hydroxide) from one day up to two years were investigated by these techniques to gain information on the soil-lime reaction mechanism. Significant reaction of the soil minerals and lime was found to occur only at elevated temperatures (50–75°C) in a moist environment. At these temperatures, formation, growth and development of fibrous and foil-like cementitious material was observed. XRD analysis provided no strong evidence for the formation of new phases. TEM analysis and EDAX, however, showed that the newly-formed fibrous and foil-like material consisted of an amorphous calcium silicate aluminate hydrate gel, similar to the gels formed during hydrothermal treatment of lime-silica, but with lower calcium to silicon ratios than previously reported for such gels. The morphological development of the gel suggested that it formed as a result of the progressive breakdown of the clay component in the soil by reaction with the calcium ions from the lime.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , September 1986 , pp. 279 - 292
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arabi, M. & Wild, S. (1986) Microstructural development in cured soil-lime composites. J. Mat. Sci. 21 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. (1984) Crystal structures of clay minerals and related phyllosilicates. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A. 311, 221–240.Google Scholar
Brunauer, S. (1962) Tobermorite gel—the heart of concrete. Am. Sci. 50, 210-229.Google Scholar
Copeland, L.E. & Kantro, D.L. (1969) Hydration of portland cement. Proc. 5th Int. Symp, on the Chemistry of Cement, Tokyo. II, 387–421.Google Scholar
Dent Glasser, L.S., Lachowski, E.E., Mohan, K. & Taylor, H.F.W. (1978) Multi-method study of C3S dehydration. Cem. Conc. Res. 8, 733–739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Hemaly, S.A.S., Mitsuda, T. & Taylor, H.F.W. (1977) Synthesis of normal and anomalous tobermorites. Cem. Concr. Res. 7, 429–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, S. (1976) Cement paste microstructure—an overview at several levels. Pp. 2–29 in: Hydraulic Cement Pastes: Their Structure and Properties. Cement and Concrete Association, Slough, UK.Google Scholar
Gard, J.A., Howison, J.W. & Taylor, H.W.F. (1959) Synthetic compounds related to tobermorite: an electron-microscope, X-ray and dehydration study. Mag. Concr. Res. 11, 151–158.Google Scholar
Gard, J.A., Mitsuda, T. & Taylor, H.F.W. (1975) Some observations on Assarsson's Z-phase and its structural relations to gyrolite, truscottite and reyerite. Mineral. Mag. 40, 325–333.Google Scholar
Glasser, F.P. & Marr, J. (1984) The effect of mineral additives on the composition of cement pore fluids. Proc. Conf. Chemistry and Chemically-Related Properties of Cement, London, 419–428 British Ceramic Society, Bull. 35.Google Scholar
Goto, S., Daimon, M., Hosaka, G. & Kondo, R. (1976) Composition and morphology of hydrated tricalcium silicate. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 59, 281–284.Google Scholar
Grutzeck, M.W. & Roy, D.M. (1969) Electron microprobe studies of the hydration of 3CaO.SiO2 . Nature 223, 492–494.Google Scholar
Hamid, S.A. (1981) The crystal structure of tile 11 Å natural tobermorite Ca2·25(Si3O7·5(OH)1·5)1H2O. Z. Kristallogr. 154, 189–198.Google Scholar
Le Sueur, P.J., Double, D.D. & Groves, G.W. (1984) Chemical and morphological studies of the hydration of tricalcium silicate. Proc. Conf. Chemistry and Chemically-Related Properties of Cement, London, 000-000. British Ceramic Society, Bull. 35.Google Scholar
Locher, F.W. (1966) Stoichiometry of tricalcium silicate hydration. Highway Research Board, special rept. 90, 300–308.Google Scholar
Luke, K. & Taylor, H.F.W. (1984) Equilibria and non-equilibria in the formation of xonotlite and truscottite. Cem. Concr. Res 14, 657–000.Google Scholar
Mackay, A.L. & Taylor, H.F.W. (1955) Gyrolite. Mineral. Mag. 30, 80–91.Google Scholar
Odler, I. & Dora, H (1979) Early hydration of tricalcium silicate. I: Kinetics of the hydration process and the stoichiometry of the hydration products. Cem. Conc. Res. 9, 239–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellevold, E.J., Bager, D.H., Jenson, E.K. & Knucksen, T. (1982) Condensed silica fume in concrete. Report BML 82.610, p. 19. Cement, and Concrete Research Institute, Trondheim Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Google Scholar
Stewart, H.R. & Bailey, J.E. (1983) Microstructural studies of the hydration products of three tricalcium silicate polymorphs. J. Mat. Sci. 18, 3686–3694.Google Scholar
Stuck, M.S. & Majumdar, A.J. (1976) The composition of the gel phase in portland cement paste. Pp. 31–51 in: Hydraulic Cement Pastes: Their Structures and Properties. Cement and Concrete Association, Slough, UK.Google Scholar
Taylor, H.F.W. (1964) The calcium silicate hydrates. Pp. 174–207 in: The Chemistry of Cements 1 (Taylor, H.F.W., editor. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Taylor, H.F.W. (1975) New results for C-S-H (II). Pp. 171–183 in: Some Recent Research on Cement Hydration. Cem. Bureau. Stoke Poges, UK.Google Scholar
Taylor, H.F.W. (1981) Modern chemistry of cements. Chemistry and Industry 9, 620–625.Google Scholar
Traetteberg, A. (1978) Silica fumes as a pozzolanic material. Cemento 75, 369–376.Google Scholar
Wu, Zhao-Qi & Young, J.F. (1984) The hydration of tricalcium silicate in the presence of colloidal silica. J. Mat. Sci. 19, 3477–3486.Google Scholar