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Residence and fractionation of rare earth elements during kaolinization of alkaline peraluminous granites in NW Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

E. Galán ,
J. C. Fernández-Caliani ,
A. Miras ,
P. Aparicio  and
M. G. Márquez
E. Galán
Affiliation:
Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
J. C. Fernández-Caliani*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Spain
A. Miras
Affiliation:
Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
P. Aparicio
Affiliation:
Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
M. G. Márquez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
*
*E-mail: caliani@uhu.es
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Abstract

A geochemical and mineralogical study has allowed us to address the factors controlling distribution pattern, residence and behaviour of rare earth elements (REE) during kaolinization of Variscan granitoids in NW Spain. Mineral composition of the deeply weathered samples is dominated by kaolinite, with minor amounts of quartz, muscovite-illite, alkaline feldspar and traces of resistant minerals (rutile, ilmenite, zircon and monazite). Variable amounts of Si, Na, Ca, K, Rb, Cs, Ba, U and P were lost from the weathering profile, as a result of feldspars, mica and apatite breakdown, whereas Al, Fe, Ti, Zr, Th, Hf and REE were concentrated in the residual kaolin. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the kaolins show an overall enrichment of light REE (LaN/SmN = 1.22–2.53), heavy REE depletion (GdN/YbN = 2.42–15.10) and a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.11–0.25), probably inherited from the parent granite. Nevertheless, the normalization to the parent granite reveals some REE fractionation and increasing positive Eu anomalies with advancing weathering, in response to the breakdown of feldspars. Different grain-size fractions show similar REE distribution patterns, but differ in concentration levels. Although the fine fractions are the most important REE reservoir, there is no positive correlation with clay mineralogy. The correlative behaviour among P2O5, Th and REE in the <2 mm fraction suggests that monazite plays a dominant role controlling the REE budget in the weathering profile.

Keywords

rare earth elementsweatheringkaolingranitemonaziteIberian massifNW Spain
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , September 2007 , pp. 341 - 352
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2007

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