Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-01T01:15:59.018Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lacustrine mineral facies and implications for estimation of palaeoenvironmental parameters: Neogene intervolcanic Pelitçik Basin (Galatean Volcanic Province), Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

M. L. Süzen  and
A. G. Türkmenoğlu
M. L. Süzen*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531, AnkaraTurkey
A. G. Türkmenoğlu
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531, AnkaraTurkey
*
*E-mail: suzen@metu.edu.tr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The mineralogy of the Neogene lacustrine facies of Pelitçik basin was investigated for the purpose of deriving the palaeoenvironmental parameters of this intervolcanic basin. The laboratory studies indicate that dolomite and K-feldspar are the major non-clay minerals in the study area, where plagioclase, analcime, fibrous zeolite and quartz are the minor constituents. Dolomites are found to be non-stoichiometric in chemistry. The clay fraction of the lacustrine facies is composed mainly of dioctahedral smectites. The smectites are rich in Al-Fe indicating a detrital origin. Illite comprises a minor contribution to the clay fraction, where chlorite and kaolinite are found in trace amounts. Based on dolomite stoichiometry and the mineral paragenesis found in the Pelitçik basin, the depositional conditions are suggested to have been a shallow, quiet, perennial lacustrine environment with fresh to slightly saline and slightly alkaline water chemistry. In addition, based on geological and mineralogical constraints, it is suggested that the water chemistry fluctuated during the deposition of the Pazar formation and the lake began its evolution with a hydrologically closed system and completed its evolution with a hydrologically open system.

Keywords

lacustrinemineral faciesPelitçik BasinTurkeypalaeoenvironment
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 3 , June 2000 , pp. 461 - 475
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Badaut, D. & Risacher, F. (1983) Authigenic smectite on diatom frustules in Bolivian saline lakes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 363 – 375.Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W. & Brown, G. (1980) Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification. Mineralogical Society, London, Monograph 5.Google Scholar
Chamley, H. (1989) Clay Sedimentology. Springer- Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
De Pablo-Galán, L. (1990) Diagenesis of Oligo-Miocene vitric tuffs to montmorillonite and k-feldspar deposits, Durango, Mexico. Clays Clay Miner. 38, 426 – 436.Google Scholar
Farmer, V.C. (1974) The Infrared Spectra of Minerals. Mineralogical Society, London, Monograph 4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folk, R.L. (1974) The natural history of crystalline calcium carbonate: effect of magnesium content and salinity. J. Sed. Pet. 44, 40 – 53.Google Scholar
Folk, R.L. & Land, L.S. (1975) Mg/Ca ratio and salinity: two controls over crystallization of dolomite. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 59, 60 – 68.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, J.R. & Graf, D.L. (1958a) Relation between lattice constants and composition of Ca-Mg carbonates. Am. Miner. 43, 84 – 101.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, J.R. & Graf, D.L. (1958b) Structural and compositional variations in some natural dolomites. J. Geol. 66, 678 – 693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R.E. (1968) Clay Mineralogy. McGraw Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Gude, A.J. & Sheppard, R.A. (1986) Zeolitic diagenesis of tuffs in Upper Miocene lacustrine deposit near Durkee, Baker County, Oregon. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1578, 301 – 333.Google Scholar
Hardy, R. & Tucker, M. (1988) X-ray powder diffraction of sediments. Pp. 191 – 228 in: Techniques in Sedimentology (Tucker, M., Editor). Blackwell Scientific Publications Co., Oxford.Google Scholar
Hay, R.L. (1966) Zeolites and zeolites reactions in sedimentary rocks. Geol. Soc. Am. Sp. Pap. 85, 130.Google Scholar
Hay, R.L. (1978) Geologic occurrence of zeolites. Pp. 145 – 175 in: Natural Zeolite s: Occurr ence, Properties, Use. (Sand, L.B. & Mumpton, F.A., editors). Pergamon Press, New York.Google Scholar
Hay, R.L. & Guldman, S.G. (1987) Diagenetic alteration of silicic ash in Searles Lake, California. Clays Clay Miner. 35, 449 – 457.Google Scholar
Hubert, J.F., Reed, A.A. & Carey, P.J. (1976 ) Paleogeography of the East Berlin Formation, Newark Group, Connecticut Valley. Am. J. Sci. 276, 1183 – 1207.Google Scholar
İrkeç, T. & Gençogğlu, H. (1993) Kıbrıscık Area (Bolu Province, North-Central Turkey). Pp. 177 – 227 in: Utilization of Sepiolitic and Mg bearing Clays in Turkey. ITIT Report of Project 90-1-5.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.L. (1975) Soil Chemical Analysis. Advanced Course, Madison, Wisconsin Pub., USA.Google Scholar
Jones, B.F. & Weir, A.H. (1983) Clay minerals of Lake Abert, an alkaline, saline lake. Clays Clay Miner. 31, 161 – 172.Google Scholar
Ketin, İ . (1966) Anadolu’nun Tektonik Birlikleri. MTA Bull. 66, 23– 34.Google Scholar
Khury, H.N. & Eberl, D.D. (1979) Bubble wall shards altered to montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner. 27, 291 – 292.Google Scholar
Lumsden, D.N. (1979) Discrepancy between thin sections and X-ray estimates of dolomite in limestone. J. Sed. Pet. 49, 429 – 436.Google Scholar
Lumsden, D.N. & Chimausky, J.S. (1980) Relationship between dolomite nonstoichiometry and carbonate facies parameters. Pp. 123 – 137 in. Concepts and Models of Dolomitization (Zenger, D.H., Durham, J.B. and Ethington, R.L., editors). Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Spec. Publ. 28.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, R.C. (1957) The Differential Thermal Investigation of Clays. Mineralogical Society, London, Monograph 2.Google Scholar
Moore, M.D. & Reynolds, R.C. (1989) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Morrow, D.W. (1978) The influence of the Mg/Ca ratio and salinity on dolomitization in evaporative basins. Bull. Canad. Pet. Geol. 26, 389 – 392.Google Scholar
Morrow, D.W. (1982) Dolomitization models and ancient dolostones. Geosci. Canada, 9, 95 – 107.Google Scholar
Nelson, C.H. (1967) Sediments of Crater Lake, Oregon. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 78, 833 – 848.Google Scholar
Picard, M.D. & High, L.H. (1972) Criteria for recognising lacustrine rocks. Pp. 108 – 145 in. Recognition of Ancient Sedimentary Environments (Rigby, J.K. & Hamblin, W.M.K., editors). Society of Economic Paleontologis ts Mineralogists. Spec. Publ. 16, 108 – 145.Google Scholar
Ratterman, N.G. & Surdam, R.C. (1981) Zeolite mineral reactions in the Laney member of the Green River Formation, Wyoming. Clays Clay Miner. 29, 365 – 377.Google Scholar
Remy, R.R. & Ferrell, R.E. (1989) Distribution and origin of analcime in marginal lacustrine mudstones of the Green River Formation, South Central Uinta Basin, Utah. Clays Clay Miner. 37, 419 – 432.Google Scholar
Russell, J.D. (1987) Infrared methods. Pp. 133 – 173 in: A Handbook of Determinativ e Methods in Clay Mineralogy (Wilson, M.J., editor). Blackie, Glasgow.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. (1989) Zeolitic alteration of lacustrine tuffs, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA. Pp. 501 – 510 in: Zeolites: Facts, Figures, Future. (Jacobs, P.A. & Van Santen, R.A., editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. (1994) Zeolitic diagenesis of tuffs in Miocene lacustrine rocks near Harney Lake, Harney County, Oregon. USGS Bull. 2108, 28.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. & Gude, A.J. (1973) Boron-bearing potassium feldspar of authigenic origin in closed basin deposits. J. Res. US Geol. Surv. 1, 377 – 382.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, M.G. (1989a) Authigenic silicates and silica polymorphs in the Miocene saline-alkaline deposits of the Karlovassi Basin, Samos, Greece. Econ. Geol. 84, 788 – 798.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, M.G. (1989b) A boron bearing potassium feldspar in volcanic ash and tuffaceous rocks from Miocene lake deposits, Samos Island, Greece. Am. Mineral. 74, 230 – 235.Google Scholar
Surdam, R.C. & Parker, R.D. (1972) Authigenic aluminosilicate minerals in the tuffaceous rocks of the Green River Formation, Wyoming. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83, 689 – 700.Google Scholar
Surdam, R.C. & Sheppard, R.A. (1978) Zeolites in salinealkaline lake deposits. Pp. 145 – 175 in: Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Use (Sand, L.B. & Mumpton, F.A., editors). Pergamon Press, New York.Google Scholar
Süzen, M.L. (1996) Lacustrine Mineral Facies of the Neogene Pelitç ik Basin (Galatean Volcanic Province).MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical Univ. Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
Süzen, M.L., Kansu, E. & Arcasoy, A. (1997) A remote sensing approach to determine the characteristics of an intervolcanic basin: Pelitçik Basin in the Galatean Volcanic Province (Turkey). European Union of Geosciences Meeting (EUG 9), Strasbourg France, 1997, Abstracts, p. 632.Google Scholar
Swain, F.M. (1966) Bottom sediments of Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua, Western Nicaragua. J. Sed. Pet. 36, 522 – 544.Google Scholar
S°engör, A.M.C. & Yılmaz, Y. (1981) Tethyan evolution of Turkey : aplatetectonicapproach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181 – 241.Google Scholar
Tankut, A. & Türkmenoğlu, A. (1988) Incompatible trace element composition of Neogene mafic lavas around Ankara. METU J. Pure Appl. Sci. 21, 501 – 521.Google Scholar
Toprak, V., Savaşçın, Y., Güleç, N. & Tankut, A. (1996) Structure of the Galatean Volcanic Province, Turkey. Int. Geol. Rev. 38, 747 – 758.Google Scholar
Türkecan, A., Hepşen, N., Papak, İ., Akbas, B., Dinçel, A., Karataş, S., Özgür, İ ., Akay, E., Bedi, Y., Sevin, M., Mutlu, G., Sevin,., D., Ünay, E. & Saraç, G. (1991) Seben-Gerede (Bolu)-Güdül-Beypazarı(Ankara) ve Çerkeş -Orta-Kurş unlu (Çankırı) Yörelerinin (Köroğ lu Dağ ları) Jeolojisi ve Volkanik Kayaçların Petrolojisi. MTA, Report No. 9193 (unpublished).Google Scholar
Türkmenoğlu, A., Göker, T. & Tankut, A. (1990) Petrography and mineralogy of pyroclastic rocks of the Karaşar District, Beypazar ı, Ankara. Proc. IESCA 1990 (Int. Earth. Sci. Congr. Aegean Regions), 2, 467 – 473.Google Scholar
Türkmenoğlu, A.G., Akıman, O., Aker, S. & Tankut, A. (1991) Geology and origin of clay deposits at Orta (Çankırı) area. MTA Bull. 113, 87 – 92.Google Scholar
Walker, T.R. (1984) SEPM Presidential Address: Diagenetic albitization of potassium feldspar in arkosic sandstones. J. Sed. Pet. 54, 3– 16.Google Scholar
Yuretich, R.F. & Cerling, E.T. (1983) Hydrochemistry of Lake Turkana, Kenya; mass balance and mineral reactions in an alkaline lake. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 1099 – 1109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuretich, R.F., Hickey, L.J., Gregson, B.P. & Yuan-Lun Hsia (1984) Lacustrine deposits in the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, Northern Bighorn Basin, Montana. J. Sed. Pet. 54, 836 – 852.Google Scholar