Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-n9wrp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T17:59:24.350Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of compaction water content on the hydraulic conductivity of sandbentonite and zeolite-bentonite mixtures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

A. H. Ören ,
S. Durukan  and
A. Ş. Kayalar
A. H. Ören*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, Buca-Izmir, Turkey
S. Durukan
Affiliation:
Manisa Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Vocational School, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
A. Ş. Kayalar
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, Buca-Izmir, Turkey
*
*E-mail: ali.oren@deu.edu.tr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Although investigation of the hydraulic conductivity behaviour of zeolite-bentonite mixtures (ZBMs) has been a topic of interest for researchers recently, the influence of compaction water content on the hydraulic conductivity of ZBMs has not been studied so far. This study discusses the hydraulic conductivities of ZBMs and compares the results with those of sand-bentonite mixtures (SBMs). The hydraulic conductivities of SBMs were unaffected by compaction water content and bentonite content, but the hydraulic conductivities of ZBMs were substantially different in mixtures containing 10% and 20% bentonite. The hydraulic conductivity of 10% ZBM (i.e. containing 10% bentonite and 90% wt. zeolite) gradually decreased as the water content increased to optimum water content and then it tended to decrease rapidly when the water content exceeded the optimum. In contrast, the hydraulic conductivity of 20% ZBM sharply decreased at the early stages of compaction water content (i.e. on the dry side of optimum water content) and levelled off when the water content was at the optimum water content. However, there is at least one order of magnitude difference between the hydraulic conductivities of ZBMs and SBMs, supporting the zeolite network model as suggested in previous works.

Keywords

bentonitic mixturecompactionhydraulic conductivitysandzeolite
Type
The 14th George Brown Lecture
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 49 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 109 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abichou, T., Benson, C. & Edil, T. (2000) Foundry green sands as hydraulic barriers: laboratory study. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126, 1174–1183.Google Scholar
Albrecht, B.A. & Benson, C.H. (2001) Effect of desiccation on compacted natural clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127, 67–75.Google Scholar
ASTM D 422 (2007) Standard test method for particlesize analysis of soils, The American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, United States.Google Scholar
ASTM D 4318-10 (2010) Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils, The American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, United States.Google Scholar
ASTM D 854-10 (2010) Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer, The American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, United States.Google Scholar
ASTM D 698-12 (2012) Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3, 600 kN-m/m3), The American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, United States.Google Scholar
ASTM D 5084-10 (2010) Standard test method for measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous materials using a flexible wall permeameter, The American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, United States.Google Scholar
Blanchard, G., Maunaye, M. & Martin, G. (1984) Removal of heavy metals from waters by means of natural zeolites. Water Research, 18, 1501–1507.Google Scholar
BSI-BS 1377 (1990) British Standard Methods of Test for Engineering Purposes, Classification Test. BSI, London, UK.Google Scholar
Cincotti, A., Lai, N., Orru, R. & Cao, G. (2001) Sardinian natural clinoptilolites for heavy metals and ammonium removal: experimental and modeling. Chemical Engineering Journal, 84, 275–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durukan, S. (2013) A Study on Mechanisms Controlling the Hydraulic Conductivity of Zeolite-Bentonite and Sand-Bentonite Mixtures. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dokuz Eylü l University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences.Google Scholar
Gökalp, Z., Bas-aran, M. & Uzun, O. (2011) Compaction and swelling characteristics of sand-bentonite and pumice-bentonite mixtures. Clay Minerals, 46, 449–459.Google Scholar
Gurtug, Y. & Sridharan, A. (2004) Compaction behavior and prediction of its characteristics of fine grained soils with particular reference to compaction energy. Soils and Foundations, 44, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haug, M.D. & Wong, L.C. (1992) Impact of molding water content on hydraulic conductivity of compacted sand-bentonite. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29, 253–262.Google Scholar
Howell, J.L., Shackelford, C.D., Amer, N.H. & Stern, R.T. (1997) Compaction of sand-processed clay soil mixtures. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 20, 443–458.Google Scholar
Kaya, A. & Durukan, S. (2004) Utilization of bentoniteembedded zeolite as clay liner. Applied Clay Science, 25, 83–91.Google Scholar
Kayabalı, K. (1997) Engineering aspects of a novel landfill liner material: bentonite-amended natural zeolite. Engineering Geology, 46, 105–114.Google Scholar
Kayabalı, K. & Kezer, H. (1998) Testing the ability of bentonite-amended natural zeolite (clinoptinolite) to remove heavy metals from liquid waste. Environmental Geology, 34, 95–102.Google Scholar
Kayabalı, K. & Mollamahmutoğ lu, M. (2000) The influence of hazardous liquid waste on the permeability of earthen liners. Environmental Geology, 39, 201–210.Google Scholar
Kenney, T.C., van Veen, W.A. Swallow, M.A. & Sungalia, M.A. (1992) Hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite-sand mixtures. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29, 364–374.Google Scholar
Kleppe, J.H. & Olson, R.E. (1985) Desiccation cracking of soil barriers. Pp. 263–275 in: Hydraulic Barriers in Soil and Rock, STP 874, ASTM, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Komine, H. (2004) Simplified evaluation on hydraulic conductivities of sand-bentonite mixture backfill. Applied Clay Science, 26, 13–19.Google Scholar
Lambe, T.W. (1958) The engineering behavior of compacted clay. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, 84, 1–35.Google Scholar
Mollins, L.H., Stewart, D.I. & Cousens, T.W. (1996) Predicting the properties of bentonite-sand mixtures. Clay Minerals, 31, 243–252.Google Scholar
Mumpton, F.A. (1999) La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 96, 3463–3470.Google Scholar
Ören, A.H. & Kaya, A. (2006) Factors affecting adsorption characteristics of Zn2+ on two natural zeolites. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 13, 59–65.Google Scholar
Ören, A.H. & Kaya, A. (2014) Compaction and volumetric shrinkage of bentonitic mixtures. Proceedings of the ICE - Geotechnical Engineering, 167, 51–61.Google Scholar
Ören, A.H., Kaya, A. & Kayalar, A.S- . (2011) Hydraulic conductivity of zeolite bentonite mixtures in comparison to sand bentonite mixtures. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48, 1343–1353.Google Scholar
Peric, J., Trgo, M. & Medvidovic, N.V. (2004) Removal of zinc, copper and lead by natural zeolite - a comparison of adsorption isotherms. Water Research, 38, 1893–1899. Sridharan, A., Pandian, N.S. & Srinivas, S. (2001) Compaction behavior of Indian coal ashes. Ground Improvement, 5, 13–22.Google Scholar
Stern, R.T. & Shackelford, C.D. (1998) Permeation of sand-processed clay mixtures with calcium chloride solutions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 124, 231–241.Google Scholar
Tuncan, A., Tuncan, M., Koyuncu, H. & Guney, Y. (2003) Use of natural zeolites as a landfill liner. Waste Management and Research, 21, 54–61.Google Scholar