Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T10:06:37.370Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The capacity of activated kaolins to remove colour pigments from rice bran oil: the effects of acid concentration and pre-heating prior to activation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

L. L. Aung ,
E. Tertre ,
N. Worasith ,
P. Suksabye  and
P. Thiravetyan
L. L. Aung
Affiliation:
Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand Université de Poitiers-CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Equipe HydrASA, rue Albert Turpain, Bat. B8, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
E. Tertre
Affiliation:
Université de Poitiers-CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Equipe HydrASA, rue Albert Turpain, Bat. B8, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
N. Worasith
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, 2 Nang Lin Chi Road, Soi Suan Plu, Sathorn, Bangkok, Thailand
P. Suksabye
Affiliation:
Department of Urban and Industrial Environment, Science and Technology Faculty, Suan Dusit Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
P. Thiravetyan*
Affiliation:
Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
*
*E-mail: paitip.thi@kmutt.ac.th
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study focuses on the effects of both thermal treatment (between 80 and 700°C) and chemical activation (concentration of sulfuric acid between 0.3 and 2 M) of natural Ranong kaolins (ground or not) from Thailand to remove the undesirable colour of rice bran oil. The mineralogical, physical and physicochemical properties of the initial and activated kaolins are discussed in relation with the bleaching effectiveness of the activated sample investigated. Generally, the greater the temperature used before the activation step and the concentration of sulfuric acid used during activation, the greater the structural degradation of the kaolinite; Al is removed from the octahedral sheet of kaolinite and amorphous SiO2 dominates the samples. The measured maximum bleaching capacity is not necessarily obtained when using the activated kaolin having the highest specific surface area and pore volume; rather, the bleaching capacity is dependent on both alumina contents and proportion of kaolinite in the samples. Indeed, the partial preservation of the kaolinite structure is crucial to obtain a good bleaching capacity of kaolin in relation to the preservation of the aluminol sites which are likely to be involved in the adsorption of unsaturated molecules present in the rice bran oil. Moreover, as previously demonstrated, a partial leaching of Al from octahedral sheets of kaolin is also an important factor in order to obtain good bleaching capacities. Finally, the optimal preheating temperature and concentration of sulfuric acid which permit the best bleaching capacity of kaolin are reported.

Keywords

natural clay materialkaolinitecolour organic pigmentsbleachingrice bran oil
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , September 2014 , pp. 513 - 526
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barrett, E.P., Joyner, L.G. & Halenda, P.H. (1951) Determination of pore volumes and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computation from nitrogen isotherms. Journal of American Chemical Society, 73, 373–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrios, J., Planon, A., Cruz, M.I. & Tchoubar, C. (1977) Qualitative and quantitative study of stacking faults in a hydrazine treated kaolinite-relationship with the infrared spectra. Clays and Clay Minerals, 25, 422–429.Google Scholar
Bhattacharyya, A.C., Majumdar, S. & Bhattacharyya, D.K. (1985) “Refining of high FFA rice bran oil by mixed solvent-alkali neutralization process”. Journal of Oil Technologists Association of India, 17, 31–32.Google Scholar
Bhattacharyya, K.G. & Gupta, S.S. (2008) Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 140, 114–131.Google Scholar
Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H. & Teller, E.J. (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. Journal of American Chemical Society, 60, 309–318.Google Scholar
de Sales, P.F., Magriotis, Z.M., Aurélio, M., Tartuci, L.G., Papini, R.M. & Viana, P.R.M. (2013) Study of chemical and thermal treatment of kaolinite and its influence on the removal of contaminants from mining effluents. Journal of Environmental Management, 128, 480–488.Google Scholar
Didi, M.A., Makhoukhi, B., Azzouz, A. & Villemin, D. (2009) Colza oil bleaching through optimized acid activation of bentonite: A comparative study. Applied Clay Science, 42, 336–344.Google Scholar
Diosady, L.L. (2005) Chlorophyll removal from edible oils. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 3, 81–88.Google Scholar
Dudkin, B.N., Loukhina, I.V., Isupov, V.P. & Avvakumov, E.G. (2005) Mechanical activation of kaolinite in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 78, 33–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekkose, G.I. (2005) Fourier Transform infrared spectrophotometry and X-ray powder diffractometry as complementary techniques in characterizing clay size fraction of kaolin. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 9, 43–48.Google Scholar
Falaras, P., Kovanis, I., Lezou, F. & Seiragaskis, G. (1999) Cottonseed oil bleaching by acid-activated montmorillonite. Clay Minerals, 34, 221–232.Google Scholar
Farmer, V.C. (1974) The Infrared Spectra of Minerals, 331–365. Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Fernandez, R., Martirena, F. & Scrivener, K.L. (2011) The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: a comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. Cement and Concrete Research, 41, 113–122.Google Scholar
Foo, C.T., Mahmood, C.S. & Salleh, M.A.M. (2011) The study of aluminum loss and consequent phase transformation in heat-treated acid-leached kaolin. Materials Characterization, 62, 373–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Girgis, A.Y. (2005) Reuse of discarded deactivated bleaching earths in the bleaching of oils. Grasas y Aceites, 56, 34–45.Google Scholar
Hussein, M.Z., Kuang, D., Zainal, Z. & Teck, T.K. (2001) Kaolin-carbon adsorbents for carotene removal of red palm oil. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 235, 93–100.Google Scholar
James, O.O., Mesubi, M.A., Adekola, F.A., Odebunmi, E.O., Adekeye, J.I.D. & Bale, R.B. (2008) Bleaching performance of a Nigerian (Yola) bentonite. Latin American Applied Research, 38, 45–49.Google Scholar
Kheok, S.C. & Lim, E.E. (1982) Mechanism of palm oil bleaching by montmorillonite clay activated at various acid concentrations. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 59, 129–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishna, A.G.G. (1992) A method for bleaching rice bran oil with silica gel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 69, 1257–1259.Google Scholar
Ledoux, R.L. & White, J.L. (1964) Infrared study of selective deuteration of kaolinite and halloysite at room temperature. Science, 145, 47–49.Google Scholar
Madu, P.C. & Lajide, L. (2013) Physicochemical characteristics of activated charcoal derived from melon seed husk. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5, 94–98.Google Scholar
Nandi, B.K., Goswami, A. & Purkait, M.K. (2009) Adsorption characteristics of brilliant green dye on kaolin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 387–395.Google Scholar
Nguetnkam, J.P., Kamga, R., Villiéras, F., Ekodeck, G.E., Razafitianamaharavo, A. & Yvon, J. (2005) Assessment of the surface areas of silica and clay in acid leached clay materials using concepts of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 298, 104–115.Google Scholar
Nguetnkam, J.P., Kamga, R., Villiéras, F., Ekodeck, G.E. & Yvon, J. (2008) Assessing the bleaching capacity of some Cameroonian clays on vegetable oils. Applied Clay Science, 39, 113–121.Google Scholar
Okada, K., Shimai, A., Takei, T., Hayashi, S., Yasumori, A. & MacKenzie, K.J.D. (1998) Preparation of microporous silica from metakaolinite by selective leaching method. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 21, 289–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panda, A.K., Mishra, B.G., Mishra, D.K. & Singh, R.K. (2010) Effect of sulphuric acid treatment on the physico-chemical characteristics of kaolin clay. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 363, 98–104.Google Scholar
Rossi, M., Gianazza, M., Alamprese, C. & Stanga, F. (2003) The role of bleaching clays and synthetic silica in palm oil physical refining. Food Chemistry, 82, 291–296.Google Scholar
Rouxhet, P.G., Samudacheata, N., Jacobs, H. & Anton, O. (1977) Attribution of the OH stretching bands of kaolinite. Clay Minerals, 12, 171–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirsath, S.R., Patil, A.P., Patil, R., Naik, J.B., Gogate, P.R. & Sonawane, S.H. (2013) Removal of brilliant green from wastewater using conventional and ultrasonically prepared poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel loaded with kaolin clay: A comparative study. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20, 914–923.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stout, L.E., Donald, F., Chamberlain, D.F. & McKelvey, J.M. (1949) Factors influencing vegetable oil bleaching by adsorption. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 26, 120–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, A., Su, L., Li, C. & Wei, W. (2010) Effect of mechanical activation on acid-leaching of kaolin residue. Applied Clay Science, 48, 296–299.Google Scholar
Temuujin, J., Senna, M., Jadambaa, T., Burmaa, G., Erdenechimeg, Sh. & MacDenzid, K.J.D. (2006) Characterization and bleaching properties of acidleached montmorillonite. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 81, 688–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tertre, E., Castet, S., Berger, G., Loubet, M. & Giffaut, E. (2006) Surface chemistry of kaolinite and Namontmorillonite in aqueous electrolyte solutions at 25 and 60°C: experimental and modeling study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 4579–4599.Google Scholar
Van der Marel, H.W. & Krohmer, P. (1969) O-H stretching vibrations in kaolinite and related minerals. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 22, 73–82.Google Scholar
Worasith, N., Goodman, B.A., Jeyashoke, N. & Thiravetyan, P. (2011a) Decolorization of Rice Bran Oil using Modified kaolin. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 88, 2005–2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worasith, N., Goodman, B.A., Neampan, J., Jeyashoke, N. & Thiravetyan, P. (2011b) Characterization of modified kaolin from the Ranong deposit Thailand by XRD, XRF, SEM, FTIR and EPR techniques. Clay Minerals, 46, 539–559.Google Scholar
Wu, Z. & Chin, L. (2009) Kinetic and thermodynamics of beta-carotene and chlorophyll adsorption onto acidactivated bentonite from Xinjiang in xylene solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171, 582–587.Google Scholar
Yang, T., Wen, X.D., Li, J. & Yang, L. (2006) Theoretical and experimental investigations on the structures of purified clay and acid-activated clay. Applied Surface Science, 252, 6154–6161.Google Scholar