Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-26T21:07:06.817Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Taiwan in Transition: Prospects for Socio-Political Change

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Extract

President Chiang Kai-shek's death on 16 April and President Gerald Ford's announcement that he would visit Peking in the autumn of 1975 once again direct attention to the political future of the Republic of China and the 16 million inhabitants of Taiwan. Progress towards diplomatic normalization between the United States and the People's Republic of China has been slower than many would have expected following President Nixon's visit to the mainland in February 1972. For the island's inhabitants any dramatic change in their political status may spell a permanent alteration in their life style, which has become substantially different from that of the mainland. Precisely because of this, one needs to look closely at their political aspirations and the socio-political changes that have occurred. Any political solution for Taiwan's future should be analysed with respect to its impact on these vital human interests.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Central Daily (Chung-yang jih-pao) (Taipei), 30 04 1975, p. 1.Google Scholar

2. Jacobs, J. Bruce, “Taiwan in 1973: consolidation of the succession,” Asian Survey, Vol. XIV, No. 1 (01 1974), p. 27.Google Scholar Also see Wei, Yung, “Political development in the Republic of China on Taiwan: analyses and projection,” in Jo, Yung-hwan (ed.), Taiwan's Future (Hong Kong: Union Research Institute for the Center for Asian Studies, Arizona State University, 1974), p. 24.Google Scholar

3. Wei, Yung, “Modernization process on Taiwan: an allocative analysis” (paper delivered at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, San Francisco, 24–26 03 1975), p. 27.Google Scholar

4. Figure quoted in Lelyfeld, Joseph, “A 1–1/2 – China policy,” New York Times Magazine, 6 04 1975, Section 6, p. 76.Google Scholar

5. Walker, Richard L., “Taiwan's movement into political modernity, 1945–1972,” in Sih, Paul K. T. (ed.), Taiwan in Modern Times (Jamaica, N.Y.: St. John's University Press, 1973), pp. 384–85.Google Scholar

6. Tai, Hung-chao, “The Kuomintang and modernization in Taiwan,” in Huntington, Samuel P. and Moore, Clement H. (eds.), Authoritarian Politics in Modern Society: The Dynamics of Established One-Party Systems (New York: Basic Books, 1970), p. 407.Google Scholar

7. Unger, Jonathan, “Taiwan today: shrinking expectations,” Christian Science Monitor, Second Section, 6 03 1975, p. 5.Google Scholar

8. Unger, , “Taiwan today.”Google Scholar

9. Glenn, William, “The blessing of Chiang's lightship,” Far Eastern Economic Review (FEER), 25 04 1975, p. 33.Google Scholar

10. Essentials of the Taiwan Provincial Administration (Taichung: Taiwan Provincial Government Exhibition Hall, Republic of China, 1974), p. 103.Google Scholar The publication contains information in both the Chinese and English languages.

11. Ibid.

12. Central Daily, editorial, 8 06 1975, p. 1.Google Scholar

13. Ibid.

14. Essentials of the Taiwan Provincial Administration, p. 104.Google Scholar

15. Central Daily, editorial, 8 06 1975, p. 1.Google Scholar

16. Jacobs, J. Bruce, “Optimism in Taiwan's port centre,” FEER, 5 02 1972, p. 28.Google Scholar

17. Chung-hua min-kuo chiao-i tung-chi (Educational Statistics of the Republic of China) (Taipei: Ministry of Education, Republic of China, 1974), pp. 2627.Google Scholar

18. 1972 Taiwan Demographic Fact Book (in English) (Taipei: Ministry of Interior, Republic of China, 1973), pp. 231–32.Google Scholar

19. Appleton, Sheldon, “Silent students and the future of Taiwan,” Pacific Affairs, Summer 1970, p. 236.Google Scholar

20. Ta-hsueh tsa-chih (The Intellectual) (Taipei), editorial, No. 85 (05 1975), p. 45.Google Scholar This magazine is the leading publication in which Taiwan's intellectuals may voice their criticism of official policies and conduct.

21. Hsiao-jung, Yang, “Ts'ung hai-wen jen-ts'ai hui-liu hsien-hsiang t'an chi” (“Essay on the return of overseas talents”), in Jen yü she-hui (Man & Society) (Taipei), Vol. 2, No. 3 (08 1974), p. 22.Google Scholar

22. Ibid. p. 23.

23. China Yearbook 1974 (Taipei: China Publishing Co., 1975), p. 250.Google Scholar

24. Appleton, , “Silent students,” p. 238.Google Scholar

25. Essentials of the Taiwan Provincial Administration, p. 35.Google Scholar

26. Wei, Yung, “Modernization process on Taiwan,” p. 18.Google Scholar

27. Wei, Yung, “Political development in the Republic of China,” p. 28.Google Scholar

28. Tai, Hung-chao, “The Kuomintang and modernization,” p. 430.Google Scholar

29. Jacobs, , “Taiwan in 1973,” p. 23.Google Scholar

30. Mendel, Douglas, The Politics of Formosan Nationalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970), p. 120.Google Scholar Mendel's estimate is noteworthy. However, no one can really tell the number of arrests and executions that occurred during these years.

31. Ibid. p. 119.

32. “Taiwan reducing prisoners' terms: clemency will cover many held on political charges,” New York Times, Survey, 1 06 1975, p. 11.Google Scholar

33. For details see Mendel, , The Politics of Formosan Nationalism, pp. 117–18.Google Scholar

34. King, Allice M., “A short history of the Formosan independence movement,” Independent Taiwan, No. 34 (12 1974), p. 22.Google Scholar The author, a Taiwanese, is an active member of the movement.

35. Ibid.

36. For details see Tai-wan (Tokyo), 1975.Google Scholar This quarterly journal is the official publication of the World United Formosan Association, which has its present headquarters in Tokyo.

37. See Washington Star, 28 05 1975, p. B-3Google Scholar, and Houston Post, 13 05 1975, p. 3/A.Google Scholar The Washington rally was attended by an estimated 1,500 people, while 400 persons reportedly showed up at the Houston rally. Chicago's local NBC affiliated station put the attendance figure at the Chicago rally at about 1,000. Participants in the Los Angeles rally reported a turnout of about 500. The quoted figures for the Washington and Chicago rallies may be somewhat inflated.

38. This figure is cited in Mendel, , The Politics of Formosan Nationalism, p. 163.Google Scholar

39. Peng Ming-min was a participant in the Arizona symposium. See Jo, , Taiwan's Future, p. 300.Google Scholar

40. “The future of Taiwan,” New York Times, editorial, 4 01 1975, p. 4.Google Scholar

41. New York Times, 16 01 1975, pp. 45.Google Scholar

42. New York Times, 14 05 1975, p. 45.Google Scholar

43. Ibid.

44. Lee, Joseph J., “Peking's view of Taiwan: an interview with Premier Chou En-lai,”Google Scholar in Jo, , Taiwan's Future, p. 68.Google Scholar See also, Lan, Fan et al. , “Teng Hsiao-p'ing t'an chung-kuo chin-k'uang ho t'ai-wan wen-ti” (“Teng Hsiao-ping discussed situation in China and the Taiwan question”), Ch'i-shih nlen-tai (Hong Kong), No. 59 (12 1974), p. 17.Google Scholar

45. With regard to China's minority policy and the autonomous regions, see Tien, Hung-mao, “Sinicization of national minorities in China,” Current Scene, Vol. XII, No. 11 (11 1974), pp. 114.Google Scholar

46. See Jo, , Taiwan's Future, p. 5.Google Scholar Robert W. Barnett argued for the concept of a “Free Port Area” as a solution for Taiwan's future relationship with the mainland. See his “China and Taiwan: the economic issues,” Foreign Affairs, 04 1972, pp. 444–58.Google Scholar

47. Peking Review, No. 10 (9 03 1973), p. 11.Google Scholar

48. China Yearbook 1974, p. 1.Google Scholar

49. Ibid. p. 2. See also his address to the Legislative Yuan in Central Daily, 20 09 1975.Google Scholar

50. Ibid. pp. 3–5. These 10 reconstruction projects are concerned with the Suao-Hualien railway, the North-South freeway, the Tao-yuan international airport, the electrification of railroads, the petrochemical industry, Kaohsiung shipyard, nuclear power, an integrated steel mill in Kaohsiung, and Suao port.

51. “28th anniversary of February 28 uprising of people in Taiwan Province commemorated,” Peking Review, No. 10 (7 03 1975), p. 15.Google Scholar

52. Goodstadt, Leo, “Peking's mood of bitterness,” FEER, 24 01 1975, p. 24.Google Scholar

53. See the interview with Chiang in Central Daily, 17 09 1975, p. 1Google Scholar, and ibid., editorial, 19 September 1975, p. 1. Both stressed that Taiwan, although it has the technology to manufacture nuclear weapons, has not done so because it wishes neither to use such deadly arms against its compatriots (citizens) on the mainland nor to break the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

54. Ravenal, Earl C., “Approaching China, defending Taiwan,” Foreign Affairs, No. 50 (10 1971), p. 51.Google Scholar

55. Laurie, James and Lender, Stefan, “Coming to terms with two Chinas,” FEER, 24 01 1975, p. 23.Google Scholar

56. Ibid. p. 22.

57. Ibid.

58. Lelyfeld, , “China policy,” p. 69.Google Scholar

59. Ibid. p. 78.

60. In T'ai-tu (Taiwan Independence), No. 35 (01 1975), pp. 212.Google ScholarT'ai-tu is the monthly publication of WUFI. Lei Chen's essay was apparently smuggled out of Taiwan to WUFI leaders in the U.S.

61. Lelyfeld, , “China policy,” p. 69.Google Scholar

62. Awanohara, Susumu, “Taiwan looks beyond Japan,” FEER, 10 01 1975, p. 32.Google Scholar

63. Lelyfeld, , “China policy,” p. 32.Google Scholar

64. Halloran, Richard, “Rockefeller, in Taiwan, fails to cite treaty ties,” New York Times, 16 04 1975, p. 3.Google Scholar

65. See “Transcript of the president's news conference on foreign and domestic affairs,” New York Times, 7 05 1975, p. 20.Google Scholar

66. Barnet, A. Doak, A New United States Policy Toward China (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1971), p. 98Google Scholar; Moorsteen, Richard and Abramowitz, Morton, Remaking China Policy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 7.Google Scholar For a discussion of the treatment of this point in the two books, see Tsou, Tang, “Statesmanship and scholarship,” World Politics, Vol. XXVI, No. 3 (04 1974), pp. 433–34.Google Scholar

67. Fairbank, John K., “Ticklish Taiwan,” New Republic, 1 03 1975, p. 7.Google Scholar

68. Wall street Journal, 3 06 1975, p. 1.Google Scholar

69. Johnson, Chalmers, “A China policy for the seventies,” in Seabury, Paul and Wildavsky, Aaron (eds.), U.S. Foreign Policy: Perspectives and Proposals for the 1970's (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969), p. 160.Google Scholar