Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qlrfm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T11:53:49.513Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Genetics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Extract

Genetics is the science of heredity. In the Western world modern genetics has a history of nearly a hundred years, beginning with the discovery of laws of heredity established by Mendel in 1866. Then, early in the 1930s, a Soviet genetics emerged. The foremost proponent of this new science is the Soviet Academician and agriculturist Lysenko. Let me sum up briefly the differences between Western and Soviet genetics. Modern genetics has established that hereditary material is located in the chromosomes of the nucleus of reproductive cells (sperms and eggs). This material is organised into functionally separate units called “genes.” Hence, it is known as the gene theory or the chromosome theory of heredity. On the other hand, Lysenko and his followers believe that every particle of an organism plays a part in heredity; the particles assimilate the influence of environment and pass it on to the next generation. Thus, if an organism can be forced or trained to assimilate certain environmental elements, there will be hereditary changes in their offspring. Lysenko borrows the prestige of Michurin, a skilful and successful Soviet horticulturist by calling this doctrine Michurinism, while we refer to it as Lysenkoism.

Type
Science in Communist China
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1961

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 For a full and lucid discussion of the essential issues involved in deciding the legitimacy of Soviet genetics I cannot do better than refer readers to Huxley, Julian's Soviet Genetics ana World Science (London: Chatto and Windus, 1949).Google Scholar

2 A summary of the work by Chinese Lysenkoists for the last decade may be found in Chen-Ian, Liang, “Achievements in Michurin Genetics ia China, during the Past Decade,” General Biology, No. 10, 1959.Google Scholar

3 Chung-hsi, Fong, “Some Thoughts Resulting from Attending the Genetics Conference,” General Biology, No. 10, 1956.Google Scholar

4 Published by the Chinese Science Press in 1956.

5 “On the Physical Basis of Heredity,” General Biology, No. 1, 1957.

6 Reproduced as “The Place of Genetics in Biological Science,” General Biology. No. 3, 1957.Google Scholar

7 See below, p. 151.

8 “On What Constitutes the Physical Basis of Heredity,” General Biology, No. 5, 1957.Google Scholar

9 “A Discussion of the Article ‘On What Constitutes the Physical Basis of Heredity’,” General Biology, No. 7, 1957.Google Scholar

10 “On Problems of Speciation,” Science, No. 2, 1957.Google Scholar

11 “Some Methods in Experiments of Exchanging Egg-White in Fowls,” General Biology, No. 7, 1957.Google Scholar

12 “On the Problem of Co-operation Between the New and Old Schools of Genetics,” General Biology, No. 10, 1957.Google Scholar

13 “The Problem of the Nature of the Controversy between the Two Schools of Genetics,” General Biology, No. 2, 1958.Google Scholar

14 People's Daly, 08 12, 1957.Google Scholar

15 Kiang, op. cit.

16 “A Critique of the Mutation Theory of Evolution of Modern, Darwinism,” General Biology, No. 1, 1960.Google Scholar

17 “The Historical Origin of Gene Theory and its Metaphysical Quality,” Journal of Natural Science (Wuhan Un.) No. 1–16, 1957.Google Scholar