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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2009
As a result of the split between the Communists and the Kuomintang at Wuhan in July 1927, the Nationalists managed to set up a unified régime of their own at Nanking. But T'ang Sheng-chih, the KMT military leader at Wuhan, rebelled against that unified régime. So Nanking decided to send troops to fight him on October 24. This KMT civil strife led immediately to an intra-Party power struggle among the Communists who had been forced underground since July. The Communist struggle took the form of a dispute over a proposed insurrection at Wuhan in the event of T'ang Sheng-chih's defeat.
1 Hsiao-ch'en, Lei, Thirty Years of Turmoil in China, I (Hong Kong: Asia Press, 1955), p. 101Google Scholar.
2 “Report on the Hupeh Question by the Hupeh CY Representatives Liu Ch'ang-chun and Han Kuang-han,” 12 13[?], 1927, Central Political Correspondence (CPC), No. 20Google Scholar. Dates given in this document should be consulted with caution. For example, the date of this document should be December 3, as can be seen from “Comprehensive Answers of Comrades Ch'en Ch'iao-nien, Jen Hsu and Huang Wu-i to the Hupeh Question,” 01 10, 1928, section 2, I, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
3 “Resolution on the Current Urgent Struggle,” October 26, 1927,” embodied in the “Report of the Standing Committee of the Hupeh Provincial Committee to the Enlarged Conference of the Hupeh Provincial Committee,” 12 12, 1927, Section 1 (1), CPC, No. 20Google Scholar; this resolution also bears the date October 27 because it was sent to the various local Party units on that date.
4 Ibid., section 1 (2).
5 Ibid.
6 “Report of Comrade I-nung to the Enlarged Conference of the Hupeh Provincial Committee,” 12 12, 1927, section 1, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
7 It was Lominadze who stopped a Chinese Communist plot of insurrection at Shanghai in the confusion following the resignation of Chiang Kai-shek in August.
8 Op. cit., note 6 above.
9 “Yangtse Bureau's Recent Political Resolution,” 10 29, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
10 Ibid.
11 “Report of the Standing Committee of the Hupeh Provincial Committee to the Enlarged Conference of the Hupeh Provincial Committee,” 12 12, 1927, section 3, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
12 Lo said that since he had not received any instructions from the Party leadership after its transfer from Hankow to Shanghai in September, he was very careful in drafting the resolution.
13 “Report of the CY Hupeh Provincial Committee to the Special Committee,” op. cit., note 2 above, sections 1, 3, n.d., received 12 12, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar, but dates given in this document should be consulted with caution.
14 Op. cit., note 6 above, section 1.
15 Ibid., section 2.
16 “Letter from the Yangtse Bureau to the Hupeh Provincial Committee,” 10 30[?], 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
17 Op. cit., note 6 above.
18 “Report of the CY Hupeh Provincial Committee to the Special Committee,” n.d., op. cit., note 2 above, section 2.
19 Ibid.
20 “Report of the CY Hupeh Provincial Committee to the Special Committee,” n.d., op. cit., note 2, section 2, section 6; note 18, section 4.
21 Op. cit., note 2 above.
22 “Central's Letter to Comrade I-nung, Inspector for Hunan and Hupeh, and the Hupeh Provincial Committee,” 12 5, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
23 “Central's Letter to Hupeh Comrades,” 01 1, 1928, section 4, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
24 Ibid.
25 “Letter from the Hupeh Special Committee to the Central (No. 2),” n.d., probably 12 15 or 16, 1927, section 1, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
26 “Letter from the Hupeh Special Committee to the Central (No. 2),” op cit., sections 1, 3.
27 Ibid., section 5; “Letter from the Hupeh Special Committee to the Central (No. 1),” 12 13, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
28 “Central Politburo's Resolution on the Hupeh Intra-Party Question,” January 3, 1928, op. cit., section 4.
29 “Report of Comrade Huang Chih-kuang from Southern Hupeh,” December 15; “Report of the CY Hupeh Provincial Committee to this Special Committee,” n.d.; “Resolution of the CP Hupeh Provincial Committee,” December 10; “Resolution of the Wuch'ang Municipal Committee,” December 12; “Resolution of the Hanyang County Committee Criticising the Work of the Provincial Committee,” n.d.; “Resolution of the Joint Conference of Hankow's 1st, 2nd and 3rd Districts,” December 11; “Letter from the Hsu-cbia-peng District Committee to the Special Committee for Hupeh,” December 12; “Letter from Comrade Lin Chung-tan to the Special Committee for Hupeh,” December 12; all in CPC, No. 20.
30 “Report of the three Comrades Ch'en Ch'iao-nien, Jen Hsu and Huang Wu-i to the Central Politburo,” 12 31, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
31 “Central's Letter to Hupeh Comrades,” op. cit., section 1.
32 “Letter from the Hupeh Special Committee to the Central (No. 2),” n.d., op. cit., section 3.
33 Hung Ch'i (Red Flag), Extra, December 11, 1927, in Houston Report.
34 Op. cit., Note 6, sections 3, 5, and Note 11, section 7 (1) (4); for Central Politburo's conditions of urban insurrection, see “Resolution on the Current Situation and the Tasks of the Party,” section 8, Central Correspondence, No. 13, 11 30, 1927Google Scholar.
35 Op. cit., note 30 above.
36 “Resolution of the CY Hupeh Provincial Committee,” 12 10, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
37 “Comprehensive Answers of Comrades Ch'en Ch'iao-nien, Jen Hsu and Huang Wu-i to the Hupeh Question,” 01 10, 1928, section 4, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
38 “Resolution of the Enlarged Conference of the Hupeh Provincial Committee to Criticise the Policy of the Yangtse Bureau and the Provincial Committee,” n.d. presumably 12 15, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
39 “Central's Letter to Hupeh Comrades,” op. cit., note 23, section 3; “Letter from Hupeh Special Committee to Central,” op. cit., note 26, section 4.
40 “Report of the Nine Comrades Kuan Hsueh-san, Chang Chi-ch'u, et al., on the Enlarged Conference of the Hupeh Provincial Committee,” n.d., presumably late 12 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
41 “Comrade I-nung's Answer to the Hupeh Question,” 12 21, 1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
42 “Central's Letter to the Hupeh Special Committee,” 12 18,1927, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
43 Op. cit., note 23 above, section 1.
44 “Central Politburo Resolution on Hupeh Intra-Party Question,” op. cit., note 28, section 1; op. cit., note 36, section 7.
45 Op. cit., note 36, section 7.
46 Ibid.; note 28, section 4.
47 Op. cit., note 26, preamble.
48 Op. cit., note 2, section 1.
49 “Central Politburo's Resolution on the Hupeh Intra-Party Question,” January 3, 1928, op. cit.
50 “CY Central's Letter Regarding the Party Central's Handling of the Hupeh Question,” 01 4, 1928, CPC, No. 20Google Scholar.
51 Mif, Pavel, The Chinese Revolution (Chinese version) (Moscow and Leningrad: Foreign Workers Publishing House of the U.S.S.R., 1933), p. 214Google Scholar.
52 “Letter from Comrade Tu-hsiu (No. 1),” 11 12, 1927, CPC, No. 14Google Scholar, n.d.
53 “A Reply to Comrade Tu-hsiu,” 12 9, 1927, CPC, No. 14Google Scholar, n.d.
54 Op. cit., note 49, p. 184. In May 1927, shortly before the inauguration of the policy of armed insurrection in China, the Eighth Plenum of the ECCI told the Chinese Communists: “Th e tactics of insurrection are: once an insurrection gets started, an offensive must follow. An insurrection can be launched only when it stands a fair chance of success. One cannot afford to ‘play’ with insurrection. The tactic of ‘insurrection under all circumstances’ is not a Leninist tactic.”
55 [Ch'ü] Ch'iu-pai, , “The Question of Armed Insurrection,” December 10, 1927, printed in Bolshevik, No. 10, 12 18, 1927, pp. 294–298Google Scholar.
56 Ibid., p. 139.
